4Hg + 2HNO3 + 4HCl → 2Hg2Cl2 + N2O3 + 3H2O
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The reaction of , nitric acid, and hydrogen chloride yields mercury(I) chloride, dinitrogen trioxide, and water (Other reactions are here). This reaction is an oxidation-reduction reaction and is classified as follows:
Table of contents
Reaction data
Chemical equation
General equation
Oxidation state of each atom
Reactants
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4 | Reducing | Inactive metal | ||
| HNO3 | Nitric acid | 2 | Oxidizing | Nitric acid |
| HCl | Hydrogen chloride | 4 | – | Hydrogen chloride |
Products
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hg2Cl2 | Mercury(I) chloride | 2 | Oxidized | – |
| N2O3 | Dinitrogen trioxide | 1 | Reduced | – |
| H2O | Water | 3 | – | – |
Thermodynamic changes
Changes in standard condition
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | −586.78 | −450.80 | −455.9 | – |
| −146.69 | −112.70 | −114.0 | – | |
per 1 mol of | −293.39 | −225.40 | −227.9 | – |
per 1 mol of | −146.69 | −112.70 | −114.0 | – |
per 1 mol of | −293.39 | −225.40 | −227.9 | – |
per 1 mol of | −586.78 | −450.80 | −455.9 | – |
per 1 mol of | −195.59 | −150.27 | −152.0 | – |
Changes in aqueous solution
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | −371.7 | −403.2 | 104 | – |
| −92.92 | −100.8 | 26.0 | – | |
per 1 mol of | −185.8 | −201.6 | 52.0 | – |
per 1 mol of | −92.92 | −100.8 | 26.0 | – |
per 1 mol of | −185.8 | −201.6 | 52.0 | – |
per 1 mol of | −371.7 | −403.2 | 104 | – |
per 1 mol of | −123.9 | −134.4 | 34.7 | – |
Thermodynamic data of reactants
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (cr) | – | – | – | – |
| (l) | 0[1] | 0[1] | 76.02[1] | 27.983[1] |
| (g) | 61.317[1] | 31.820[1] | 174.96[1] | 20.786[1] |
| (ao) | 37.7[1] | 39.3[1] | 71[1] | – |
| HNO3 (l) | -174.10[1] | -80.71[1] | 155.60[1] | 109.87[1] |
| HNO3 (g) | -135.06[1] | -74.72[1] | 266.38[1] | 53.35[1] |
| HNO3 (ai) | -207.36[1] | -111.25[1] | 146.4[1] | -86.6[1] |
| HNO3 (l) 1 hydrate | -473.46[1] | -328.77[1] | 216.90[1] | 182.46[1] |
| HNO3 (l) 3 hydrate | -1056.04[1] | -811.09[1] | 346.98[1] | 325.14[1] |
| HCl (g) | -92.307[1] | -95.299[1] | 186.908[1] | 29.12[1] |
| HCl (ai) | -167.159[1] | -131.228[1] | 56.5[1] | -136.4[1] |
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (l):Liquid, (g):Gas, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution
Thermodynamic data of products
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hg2Cl2 (cr) | -265.22[1] | -210.745[1] | 192.5[1] | – |
| N2O3 (l) | 50.29[1] | – | – | – |
| N2O3 (g) | 83.72[1] | 139.46[1] | 312.28[1] | 65.61[1] |
| H2O (cr) | – | – | – | – |
| H2O (l) | -285.830[1] | -237.129[1] | 69.91[1] | 75.291[1] |
| H2O (g) | -241.818[1] | -228.572[1] | 188.825[1] | 33.577[1] |
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (l):Liquid, (g):Gas
References
List of references
- 1Janiel J. Reed (1989)The NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties: Selected Values for Inorganic and C1 and C2 Organic Substances in SI UnitsNational Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
- ^ ΔfH°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 76.02 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 27.983 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 61.317 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 31.820 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 174.96 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 20.786 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 37.7 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 39.3 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 71. J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -174.10 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -80.71 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 155.60 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 109.87 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -135.06 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -74.72 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 266.38 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 53.35 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -207.36 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -111.25 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 146.4 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, -86.6 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -473.46 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -328.77 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 216.90 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 182.46 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -1056.04 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -811.09 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 346.98 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 325.14 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -92.307 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -95.299 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 186.908 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 29.12 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -167.159 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -131.228 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 56.5 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, -136.4 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -265.22 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -210.745 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 192.5 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 50.29 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 83.72 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 139.46 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 312.28 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 65.61 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -285.830 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -237.129 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 69.91 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 75.291 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -241.818 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -228.572 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 188.825 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 33.577 J · K−1 · mol−1