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4NiS + 2KMnO4 → 4NiO + 3S + 2MnO2 + K2S

The reaction of nickel(II) sulfide and potassium permanganate yields nickel(II) oxide, sulfur, manganese(IV) oxide, and potassium sulfide (Other reactions are here). This reaction is an oxidation-reduction reaction and is classified as follows:

Table of contents
  1. 1Reaction data
  2. 2Thermodynamic changes
  3. 3References
  4. 4Related reactions
  5. 5Related categories

Reaction data

Chemical equation

General equation

Reaction of reducing species and oxidizing species
Reducing speciesReducing agent + Oxidizing speciesOxidizing agent
ProductOxidation product + ProductReduction product

Oxidation state of each atom

Reactants

Chemical formulaNameCoefficientTypeType in general
equation
NiSNickel(II) sulfide4
Reducing
Reducing
KMnO4Potassium permanganate2
Oxidizing
Oxidizing

Products

Chemical formulaNameCoefficientTypeType in general
equation
NiONickel(II) oxide4
SSulfur3
Oxidized
MnO2Manganese(IV) oxide2
Reduced
K2SPotassium sulfide1

Thermodynamic changes

Changes in standard condition (1)

Reaction of nickel(II) sulfide and potassium permanganate
ΔrG−347.9 kJ/mol
K8.90 × 1060
pK−60.95
4NiSCrystalline solid + 2KMnO4Crystalline solid
4NiOCrystalline solid + 3SCrystalline solidrhombic + 2MnO2Crystalline solid + K2SCrystalline solid
Standard enthalpy
of reaction
ΔrH°
kJ · mol−1
Standard
Gibbs energy
of reaction
ΔrG°
kJ · mol−1
Standard entropy
of reaction
ΔrS°
J · K−1 · mol−1
Standard heat
capacity of reaction
at constant pressure
ΔrCp°
J · K−1 · mol−1
per 1 mol of
Equation
−377.2−347.9−97
per 1 mol of
−94.30−86.97−24
−188.6−173.9−49
per 1 mol of
−94.30−86.97−24
per 1 mol of
−125.7−116.0−32
−188.6−173.9−49
per 1 mol of
−377.2−347.9−97

Changes in standard condition (2)

Reaction of nickel(II) sulfide and potassium permanganate
4NiSCrystalline solid + 2KMnO4Crystalline solid
4NiOCrystalline solid + 3SCrystalline solidrhombic + 2MnO2Amorphous solidprecipitated + K2SCrystalline solid
Standard enthalpy
of reaction
ΔrH°
kJ · mol−1
Standard
Gibbs energy
of reaction
ΔrG°
kJ · mol−1
Standard entropy
of reaction
ΔrS°
J · K−1 · mol−1
Standard heat
capacity of reaction
at constant pressure
ΔrCp°
J · K−1 · mol−1
per 1 mol of
Equation
−342.1
per 1 mol of
−85.53
−171.1
per 1 mol of
−85.53
per 1 mol of
−114.0
−171.1
per 1 mol of
−342.1

Changes in standard condition (3)

Reaction of nickel(II) sulfide and potassium permanganate
4NiSCrystalline solid + 2KMnO4Crystalline solid
4NiOCrystalline solid + 3SCrystalline solidmonoclinic + 2MnO2Crystalline solid + K2SCrystalline solid
Standard enthalpy
of reaction
ΔrH°
kJ · mol−1
Standard
Gibbs energy
of reaction
ΔrG°
kJ · mol−1
Standard entropy
of reaction
ΔrS°
J · K−1 · mol−1
Standard heat
capacity of reaction
at constant pressure
ΔrCp°
J · K−1 · mol−1
per 1 mol of
Equation
−376.2
per 1 mol of
−94.05
−188.1
per 1 mol of
−94.05
per 1 mol of
−125.4
−188.1
per 1 mol of
−376.2

Changes in standard condition (4)

Reaction of nickel(II) sulfide and potassium permanganate
4NiSCrystalline solid + 2KMnO4Crystalline solid
4NiOCrystalline solid + 3SCrystalline solidmonoclinic + 2MnO2Amorphous solidprecipitated + K2SCrystalline solid
Standard enthalpy
of reaction
ΔrH°
kJ · mol−1
Standard
Gibbs energy
of reaction
ΔrG°
kJ · mol−1
Standard entropy
of reaction
ΔrS°
J · K−1 · mol−1
Standard heat
capacity of reaction
at constant pressure
ΔrCp°
J · K−1 · mol−1
per 1 mol of
Equation
−341.1
per 1 mol of
−85.28
−170.6
per 1 mol of
−85.28
per 1 mol of
−113.7
−170.6
per 1 mol of
−341.1

Changes in standard condition (5)

Reaction of nickel(II) sulfide and potassium permanganate
4NiSCrystalline solidprecipitated + 2KMnO4Crystalline solid
4NiOCrystalline solid + 3SCrystalline solidrhombic + 2MnO2Crystalline solid + K2SCrystalline solid
Standard enthalpy
of reaction
ΔrH°
kJ · mol−1
Standard
Gibbs energy
of reaction
ΔrG°
kJ · mol−1
Standard entropy
of reaction
ΔrS°
J · K−1 · mol−1
Standard heat
capacity of reaction
at constant pressure
ΔrCp°
J · K−1 · mol−1
per 1 mol of
Equation
−395.6
per 1 mol of
−98.90
−197.8
per 1 mol of
−98.90
per 1 mol of
−131.9
−197.8
per 1 mol of
−395.6

Changes in standard condition (6)

Reaction of nickel(II) sulfide and potassium permanganate
4NiSCrystalline solidprecipitated + 2KMnO4Crystalline solid
4NiOCrystalline solid + 3SCrystalline solidrhombic + 2MnO2Amorphous solidprecipitated + K2SCrystalline solid
Standard enthalpy
of reaction
ΔrH°
kJ · mol−1
Standard
Gibbs energy
of reaction
ΔrG°
kJ · mol−1
Standard entropy
of reaction
ΔrS°
J · K−1 · mol−1
Standard heat
capacity of reaction
at constant pressure
ΔrCp°
J · K−1 · mol−1
per 1 mol of
Equation
−360.5
per 1 mol of
−90.13
−180.3
per 1 mol of
−90.13
per 1 mol of
−120.2
−180.3
per 1 mol of
−360.5

Changes in standard condition (7)

Reaction of nickel(II) sulfide and potassium permanganate
4NiSCrystalline solidprecipitated + 2KMnO4Crystalline solid
4NiOCrystalline solid + 3SCrystalline solidmonoclinic + 2MnO2Crystalline solid + K2SCrystalline solid
Standard enthalpy
of reaction
ΔrH°
kJ · mol−1
Standard
Gibbs energy
of reaction
ΔrG°
kJ · mol−1
Standard entropy
of reaction
ΔrS°
J · K−1 · mol−1
Standard heat
capacity of reaction
at constant pressure
ΔrCp°
J · K−1 · mol−1
per 1 mol of
Equation
−394.6
per 1 mol of
−98.65
−197.3
per 1 mol of
−98.65
per 1 mol of
−131.5
−197.3
per 1 mol of
−394.6

Changes in standard condition (8)

Reaction of nickel(II) sulfide and potassium permanganate
4NiSCrystalline solidprecipitated + 2KMnO4Crystalline solid
4NiOCrystalline solid + 3SCrystalline solidmonoclinic + 2MnO2Amorphous solidprecipitated + K2SCrystalline solid
Standard enthalpy
of reaction
ΔrH°
kJ · mol−1
Standard
Gibbs energy
of reaction
ΔrG°
kJ · mol−1
Standard entropy
of reaction
ΔrS°
J · K−1 · mol−1
Standard heat
capacity of reaction
at constant pressure
ΔrCp°
J · K−1 · mol−1
per 1 mol of
Equation
−359.5
per 1 mol of
−89.88
−179.8
per 1 mol of
−89.88
per 1 mol of
−119.8
−179.8
per 1 mol of
−359.5

Changes in aqueous solution

Reaction of nickel(II) sulfide and potassium permanganate
ΔrG−478.8 kJ/mol
K7.62 × 1083
pK−83.88
4NiSCrystalline solid + 2KMnO4Ionized aqueous solution
4NiOCrystalline solid + 3SCrystalline solidrhombic + 2MnO2Crystalline solid + K2SIonized aqueous solution
Standard enthalpy
of reaction
ΔrH°
kJ · mol−1
Standard
Gibbs energy
of reaction
ΔrG°
kJ · mol−1
Standard entropy
of reaction
ΔrS°
J · K−1 · mol−1
Standard heat
capacity of reaction
at constant pressure
ΔrCp°
J · K−1 · mol−1
per 1 mol of
Equation
−554.8−478.8−255.4
per 1 mol of
−138.7−119.7−63.85
−277.4−239.4−127.7
per 1 mol of
−138.7−119.7−63.85
per 1 mol of
−184.9−159.6−85.13
−277.4−239.4−127.7
per 1 mol of
−554.8−478.8−255.4

Thermodynamic data of reactants

Chemical formulaStandard enthalpy
of formation
ΔfH°
kJ · mol−1
Standard Gibbs
energy of
formation
ΔfG°
kJ · mol−1
Standard
molar entropy
S°
J · K−1 · mol−1
Standard molar
heat capacity at
constant pressure
Cp°
J · K−1 · mol−1
NiS (cr)-82.0[1]-79.5[1]52.97[1]47.11[1]
NiS (cr)
precipitated
-77.4[1]
KMnO4 (cr)-837.2[1]-737.6[1]171.71[1]117.57[1]
KMnO4 (ai)-793.8[1]-730.5[1]293.7[1]-60.2[1]
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution

Thermodynamic data of products

Chemical formulaStandard enthalpy
of formation
ΔfH°
kJ · mol−1
Standard Gibbs
energy of
formation
ΔfG°
kJ · mol−1
Standard
molar entropy
S°
J · K−1 · mol−1
Standard molar
heat capacity at
constant pressure
Cp°
J · K−1 · mol−1
NiO (cr)-239.7[1]-211.7[1]37.99[1]44.31[1]
NiO (g)314[1]
S (cr)
rhombic
0[1]0[1]31.80[1]22.64[1]
S (cr)
monoclinic
0.33[1]
S (g)278.805[1]238.250[1]167.821[1]23.673[1]
MnO2 (cr)-520.03[1]-465.14[1]53.05[1]54.14[1]
MnO2 (am)
precipitated
-502.5[1]
K2S (cr)-380.7[1]-364.0[1]105[1]
K2S (ai)-471.5[1]-480.7[1]190.4[1]
K2S (cr)
2 hydrate
-975.3[1]
K2S (cr)
5 hydrate
-1871.5[1]
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (g):Gas, (am):Amorphous solid, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution

References

List of references

  1. 1
    Janiel J. Reed (1989)
    The NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties: Selected Values for Inorganic and C1 and C2 Organic Substances in SI Units
    National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)