4K2S + 14HNO3 → 8KNO3 + H2SO3 + 3SO2↑ + 3NH4NO3
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- Reaction of potassium sulfide and nitric acid
The reaction of potassium sulfide and nitric acid yields potassium nitrate, sulfurous acid, sulfur dioxide, and ammonium nitrate (Other reactions are here). This reaction is an oxidation-reduction reaction and is classified as follows:
Table of contents
Reaction data
Chemical equation
- Reaction of potassium sulfide and nitric acid
General equation
- Reaction of reducing species and oxidizing species
- Reducing speciesReducing agent + Oxidizing speciesOxidizing agent ⟶ ProductOxidation product + ProductReduction product
Oxidation state of each atom
- Reaction of potassium sulfide and nitric acid
Reactants
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| K2S | Potassium sulfide | 4 | Reducing | Reducing |
| HNO3 | Nitric acid | 14 | Oxidizing | Oxidizing |
Products
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KNO3 | Potassium nitrate | 8 | – | – |
| H2SO3 | Sulfurous acid | 1 | Oxidized | – |
| SO2 | Sulfur dioxide | 3 | Oxidized | – |
| NH4NO3 | Ammonium nitrate | 3 | Reduced | – |
Thermodynamic changes
Changes in standard condition (1)
- Reaction of potassium sulfide and nitric acid◆
ΔrG −1686.0 kJ/mol K 2.37 × 10295 pK −295.37
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | −1407.8 | −1686.0 | 936.3 | – |
per 1 mol of | −351.95 | −421.50 | 234.1 | – |
per 1 mol of | −100.56 | −120.43 | 66.88 | – |
per 1 mol of | −175.97 | −210.75 | 117.0 | – |
per 1 mol of | −1407.8 | −1686.0 | 936.3 | – |
per 1 mol of | −469.27 | −562.00 | 312.1 | – |
per 1 mol of | −469.27 | −562.00 | 312.1 | – |
Changes in standard condition (2)
- Reaction of potassium sulfide and nitric acid◆
ΔrG −1687.5 kJ/mol K 4.34 × 10295 pK −295.64
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | −1486.2 | −1687.5 | 677.3 | – |
per 1 mol of | −371.55 | −421.88 | 169.3 | – |
per 1 mol of | −106.16 | −120.54 | 48.38 | – |
per 1 mol of | −185.78 | −210.94 | 84.66 | – |
per 1 mol of | −1486.2 | −1687.5 | 677.3 | – |
per 1 mol of | −495.40 | −562.50 | 225.8 | – |
per 1 mol of | −495.40 | −562.50 | 225.8 | – |
Thermodynamic data of reactants
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| K2S (cr) | -380.7[1] | -364.0[1] | 105[1] | – |
| K2S (ai) | -471.5[1] | -480.7[1] | 190.4[1] | – |
| K2S (cr) 2 hydrate | -975.3[1] | – | – | – |
| K2S (cr) 5 hydrate | -1871.5[1] | – | – | – |
| HNO3 (l) | -174.10[1] | -80.71[1] | 155.60[1] | 109.87[1] |
| HNO3 (g) | -135.06[1] | -74.72[1] | 266.38[1] | 53.35[1] |
| HNO3 (ai) | -207.36[1] | -111.25[1] | 146.4[1] | -86.6[1] |
| HNO3 (l) 1 hydrate | -473.46[1] | -328.77[1] | 216.90[1] | 182.46[1] |
| HNO3 (l) 3 hydrate | -1056.04[1] | -811.09[1] | 346.98[1] | 325.14[1] |
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (l):Liquid, (g):Gas
Thermodynamic data of products
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KNO3 (cr) | -494.63[1] | -394.86[1] | 133.05[1] | 96.40[1] |
| KNO3 (ai) | -459.74[1] | -394.53[1] | 248.9[1] | -64.9[1] |
| H2SO3 (ao) | -608.81[1] | -537.81[1] | 232.2[1] | – |
| SO2 (l) | -320.5[1] | – | – | – |
| SO2 (g) | -296.830[1] | -300.194[1] | 248.22[1] | 39.87[1] |
| SO2 (ao) | -322.980[1] | -300.676[1] | 161.9[1] | – |
| NH4NO3 (cr) | -365.56[1] | -183.87[1] | 151.08[1] | 139.3[1] |
| NH4NO3 (ai) | -339.87[1] | -190.56[1] | 259.8[1] | -6.7[1] |
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution, (l):Liquid, (g):Gas
References
List of references
- 1Janiel J. Reed (1989)The NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties: Selected Values for Inorganic and C1 and C2 Organic Substances in SI UnitsNational Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
- ^ ΔfH°, -380.7 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -364.0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 105. J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -471.5 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -480.7 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 190.4 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -975.3 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -1871.5 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -174.10 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -80.71 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 155.60 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 109.87 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -135.06 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -74.72 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 266.38 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 53.35 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -207.36 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -111.25 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 146.4 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, -86.6 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -473.46 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -328.77 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 216.90 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 182.46 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -1056.04 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -811.09 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 346.98 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 325.14 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -494.63 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -394.86 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 133.05 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 96.40 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -459.74 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -394.53 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 248.9 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, -64.9 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -608.81 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -537.81 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 232.2 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -320.5 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -296.830 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -300.194 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 248.22 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 39.87 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -322.980 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -300.676 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 161.9 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -365.56 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -183.87 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 151.08 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 139.3 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -339.87 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -190.56 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 259.8 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, -6.7 J · K−1 · mol−1