4NaCl + 5MnO2 + 12H+ 🔥→ 4Na+ + 2ClO2↑ + MnCl2 + 4Mn2+ + 6H2O
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- Reaction of sodium chloride and manganese(IV) oxide under acidic condition
- 4NaClSodium chloride + 5MnO2Manganese(IV) oxide + 12H+Hydrogen ion4Na+Sodium ion + 2ClO2↑Chlorine dioxide + MnCl2Manganese(II) chloride + 4Mn2+Manganese(II) ion + 6H2OWater🔥⟶
The reaction of sodium chloride, manganese(IV) oxide, and hydrogen ion yields sodium ion, chlorine dioxide, manganese(II) chloride, manganese(II) ion, and water (Other reactions are here). This reaction is an oxidation-reduction reaction and is classified as follows:
Table of contents
Reaction data
Chemical equation
- Reaction of sodium chloride and manganese(IV) oxide under acidic condition
- 4NaClSodium chloride + 5MnO2Manganese(IV) oxide + 12H+Hydrogen ion4Na+Sodium ion + 2ClO2↑Chlorine dioxide + MnCl2Manganese(II) chloride + 4Mn2+Manganese(II) ion + 6H2OWater🔥⟶
General equation
- Reaction of hardly oxidizable species and oxidizing species under acidic condition
- Hardly oxidizable speciesReducing agent + Oxidizing speciesOxidizing agent + H+Non-redox agent ⟶ ProductOxidation product + ProductReduction product + H2ONon-redox product
Oxidation state of each atom
- Reaction of sodium chloride and manganese(IV) oxide under acidic condition
Reactants
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NaCl | Sodium chloride | 4 | Reducing | Hardly oxidizable |
| MnO2 | Manganese(IV) oxide | 5 | Oxidizing | Oxidizing under acidic condition |
| H+ | Hydrogen ion | 12 | – | Hydrogen ion |
Products
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Na+ | Sodium ion | 4 | – | – |
| ClO2 | Chlorine dioxide | 2 | Oxidized | – |
| MnCl2 | Manganese(II) chloride | 1 | Reduced | – |
| Mn2+ | Manganese(II) ion | 4 | Reduced | – |
| H2O | Water | 6 | – | Water |
Thermodynamic changes
Changes in standard condition (1)
- Reaction of sodium chloride and manganese(IV) oxide under acidic condition◆
ΔrG 265.6 kJ/mol K 0.29 × 10−46 pK 46.53
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 320.7 | 265.6 | 186.4 | 789 |
per 1 mol of | 80.17 | 66.40 | 46.60 | 197 |
per 1 mol of | 64.14 | 53.12 | 37.28 | 158 |
per 1 mol of Hydrogen ion | 26.72 | 22.13 | 15.53 | 65.8 |
per 1 mol of Sodium ion | 80.17 | 66.40 | 46.60 | 197 |
per 1 mol of | 160.3 | 132.8 | 93.20 | 395 |
per 1 mol of | 320.7 | 265.6 | 186.4 | 789 |
per 1 mol of Manganese(II) ion | 80.17 | 66.40 | 46.60 | 197 |
per 1 mol of | 53.45 | 44.27 | 31.07 | 132 |
Changes in standard condition (2)
- Reaction of sodium chloride and manganese(IV) oxide under acidic condition◆
ΔrG 264.4 kJ/mol K 0.48 × 10−46 pK 46.32
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | – | 264.4 | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | 66.10 | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | 52.88 | – | – |
per 1 mol of Hydrogen ion | – | 22.03 | – | – |
per 1 mol of Sodium ion | – | 66.10 | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | 132.2 | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | 264.4 | – | – |
per 1 mol of Manganese(II) ion | – | 66.10 | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | 44.07 | – | – |
Changes in standard condition (3)
- Reaction of sodium chloride and manganese(IV) oxide under acidic condition◆
ΔrG 264.8 kJ/mol K 0.41 × 10−46 pK 46.39
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 265.5 | 264.8 | 2.3 | – |
per 1 mol of | 66.38 | 66.20 | 0.57 | – |
per 1 mol of | 53.10 | 52.96 | 0.46 | – |
per 1 mol of Hydrogen ion | 22.13 | 22.07 | 0.19 | – |
per 1 mol of Sodium ion | 66.38 | 66.20 | 0.57 | – |
per 1 mol of | 132.8 | 132.4 | 1.1 | – |
per 1 mol of | 265.5 | 264.8 | 2.3 | – |
per 1 mol of Manganese(II) ion | 66.38 | 66.20 | 0.57 | – |
per 1 mol of | 44.25 | 44.13 | 0.38 | – |
Changes in standard condition (4)
- Reaction of sodium chloride and manganese(IV) oxide under acidic condition◆
ΔrG 263.6 kJ/mol K 0.66 × 10−46 pK 46.18
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | – | 263.6 | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | 65.90 | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | 52.72 | – | – |
per 1 mol of Hydrogen ion | – | 21.97 | – | – |
per 1 mol of Sodium ion | – | 65.90 | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | 131.8 | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | 263.6 | – | – |
per 1 mol of Manganese(II) ion | – | 65.90 | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | 43.93 | – | – |
Thermodynamic data of reactants
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NaCl (cr) | -411.153[1] | -384.138[1] | 72.13[1] | 50.50[1] |
| NaCl (g) | -176.65[1] | -196.66[1] | 229.81[1] | 35.77[1] |
| NaCl (ai) | -407.27[1] | -393.133[1] | 115.5[1] | -90.0[1] |
| MnO2 (cr) | -520.03[1] | -465.14[1] | 53.05[1] | 54.14[1] |
| MnO2 (am) precipitated | -502.5[1] | – | – | – |
| H+ (g) | 1536.202[1] | – | – | – |
| H+ (ao) | 0[1] | 0[1] | 0[1] | 0[1] |
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (g):Gas, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (am):Amorphous solid, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution
Thermodynamic data of products
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Na+ (g) | 609.358[1] | – | – | – |
| Na+ (ao) | -240.12[1] | -261.905[1] | 59.0[1] | 46.4[1] |
| ClO2 (g) | 102.5[1] | 120.5[1] | 256.84[1] | 41.97[1] |
| ClO2 (ao) | 74.9[1] | 120.1[1] | 164.8[1] | – |
| MnCl2 (cr) | -481.29[1] | -440.50[1] | 118.24[1] | 72.93[1] |
| MnCl2 (g) | -263.6[1] | – | – | – |
| MnCl2 (ai) | -555.05[1] | -490.8[1] | 38.9[1] | -222[1] |
| MnCl2 (ao) | – | -492.0[1] | – | – |
| MnCl2 (cr) 1 hydrate | -789.9[1] | -696.1[1] | 174.1[1] | – |
| MnCl2 (cr) 2 hydrate | -1092.0[1] | -942.1[1] | 218.8[1] | – |
| MnCl2 (cr) 4 hydrate | -1687.4[1] | -1423.6[1] | 303.3[1] | – |
| Mn2+ (g) | 2519.69[1] | – | – | – |
| Mn2+ (ao) | -220.75[1] | -228.1[1] | -73.6[1] | 50[1] |
| H2O (cr) | – | – | – | – |
| H2O (l) | -285.830[1] | -237.129[1] | 69.91[1] | 75.291[1] |
| H2O (g) | -241.818[1] | -228.572[1] | 188.825[1] | 33.577[1] |
* (g):Gas, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution, (cr):Crystalline solid, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (l):Liquid
References
List of references
- 1Janiel J. Reed (1989)The NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties: Selected Values for Inorganic and C1 and C2 Organic Substances in SI UnitsNational Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
- ^ ΔfH°, -411.153 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -384.138 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 72.13 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 50.50 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -176.65 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -196.66 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 229.81 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 35.77 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -407.27 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -393.133 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 115.5 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, -90.0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -520.03 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -465.14 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 53.05 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 54.14 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -502.5 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 1536.202 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 609.358 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -240.12 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -261.905 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 59.0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 46.4 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 102.5 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 120.5 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 256.84 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 41.97 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 74.9 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 120.1 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 164.8 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -481.29 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -440.50 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 118.24 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 72.93 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -263.6 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -555.05 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -490.8 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 38.9 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, -222. J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -492.0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -789.9 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -696.1 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 174.1 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -1092.0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -942.1 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 218.8 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -1687.4 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -1423.6 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 303.3 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 2519.69 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -220.75 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -228.1 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, -73.6 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 50. J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -285.830 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -237.129 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 69.91 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 75.291 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -241.818 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -228.572 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 188.825 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 33.577 J · K−1 · mol−1