4ZnCl2 + 8KMnO4 + 8H2O → 4ZnO + KClO4 + 8H2MnO4 + 7KCl
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- Reaction of zinc chloride and potassium permanganate under neutral condition
- 4ZnCl2Zinc chloride + 8KMnO4Potassium permanganate + 8H2OWater4ZnOZinc oxide + KClO4Potassium perchlorate + 8H2MnO4Manganic acid + 7KClPotassium chloride⟶
The reaction of zinc chloride, potassium permanganate, and water yields zinc oxide, potassium perchlorate, manganic acid, and potassium chloride (Other reactions are here). This reaction is an oxidation-reduction reaction and is classified as follows:
Table of contents
Reaction data
Chemical equation
- Reaction of zinc chloride and potassium permanganate under neutral condition
- 4ZnCl2Zinc chloride + 8KMnO4Potassium permanganate + 8H2OWater4ZnOZinc oxide + KClO4Potassium perchlorate + 8H2MnO4Manganic acid + 7KClPotassium chloride⟶
General equation
- Reaction of hardly oxidizable species and oxidizing species under neutral condition
- Hardly oxidizable speciesReducing agent + Oxidizing speciesOxidizing agent + H2ONon-redox agent ⟶ ProductOxidation product + ProductReduction product
Oxidation state of each atom
- Reaction of zinc chloride and potassium permanganate under neutral condition
Reactants
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ZnCl2 | Zinc chloride | 4 | Reducing | Hardly oxidizable |
| KMnO4 | Potassium permanganate | 8 | Oxidizing | Oxidizing |
| H2O | Water | 8 | – | Water |
Products
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ZnO | Zinc oxide | 4 | – | – |
| KClO4 | Potassium perchlorate | 1 | Oxidized | – |
| H2MnO4 | Manganic acid | 8 | Reduced | – |
| KCl | Potassium chloride | 7 | – | – |
Thermodynamic changes
Thermodynamic data of reactants
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ZnCl2 (cr) | -415.05[1] | -369.398[1] | 111.46[1] | 71.34[1] |
| ZnCl2 (g) | -266.1[1] | – | – | – |
| ZnCl2 (ai) | -488.19[1] | -409.50[1] | 0.8[1] | -226[1] |
| ZnCl2 (ao) | – | -403.7[1] | – | – |
| KMnO4 (cr) | -837.2[1] | -737.6[1] | 171.71[1] | 117.57[1] |
| KMnO4 (ai) | -793.8[1] | -730.5[1] | 293.7[1] | -60.2[1] |
| H2O (cr) | – | – | – | – |
| H2O (l) | -285.830[1] | -237.129[1] | 69.91[1] | 75.291[1] |
| H2O (g) | -241.818[1] | -228.572[1] | 188.825[1] | 33.577[1] |
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (g):Gas, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution, (l):Liquid
Thermodynamic data of products
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ZnO (cr) | -348.28[1] | -318.30[1] | 43.64[1] | 40.25[1] |
| KClO4 (cr) | -432.75[1] | -303.09[1] | 151.0[1] | 112.38[1] |
| KClO4 (ai) | -381.71[1] | -291.79[1] | 284.5[1] | – |
| H2MnO4 | – | – | – | – |
| KCl (cr) | -436.747[1] | -409.14[1] | 82.59[1] | 51.30[1] |
| KCl (g) | -214.14[1] | -233.0[1] | 239.10[1] | 36.48[1] |
| KCl (ai) | -419.53[1] | -414.49[1] | 159.0[1] | -114.6[1] |
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (g):Gas
References
List of references
- 1Janiel J. Reed (1989)The NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties: Selected Values for Inorganic and C1 and C2 Organic Substances in SI UnitsNational Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
- ^ ΔfH°, -415.05 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -369.398 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 111.46 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 71.34 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -266.1 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -488.19 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -409.50 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 0.8 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, -226. J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -403.7 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -837.2 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -737.6 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 171.71 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 117.57 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -793.8 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -730.5 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 293.7 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, -60.2 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -285.830 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -237.129 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 69.91 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 75.291 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -241.818 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -228.572 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 188.825 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 33.577 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -348.28 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -318.30 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 43.64 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 40.25 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -432.75 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -303.09 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 151.0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 112.38 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -381.71 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -291.79 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 284.5 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -436.747 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -409.14 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 82.59 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 51.30 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -214.14 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -233.0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 239.10 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 36.48 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -419.53 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -414.49 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 159.0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, -114.6 J · K−1 · mol−1