5CdCl2 + 12KMnO4 + 36H+ ๐ฅโ 5Cd2+ + 10KClO3 + 12Mn2+ + 2K+ + 18H2O
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- Reaction of cadmium chloride and potassium permanganate under acidic condition
- 5CdCl2Cadmium chloride + 12KMnO4Potassium permanganate + 36H+Hydrogen ion5Cd2+Cadmium ion + 10KClO3Potassium chlorate + 12Mn2+Manganese(II) ion + 2K+Potassium ion + 18H2OWater๐ฅโถ
The reaction of cadmium chloride, potassium permanganate, and hydrogen ion yields cadmium ion, potassium chlorate, manganese(II) ion, potassium ion, and water (Other reactions are here). This reaction is an oxidation-reduction reaction and is classified as follows:
Table of contents
Reaction data
Chemical equation
- Reaction of cadmium chloride and potassium permanganate under acidic condition
- 5CdCl2Cadmium chloride + 12KMnO4Potassium permanganate + 36H+Hydrogen ion5Cd2+Cadmium ion + 10KClO3Potassium chlorate + 12Mn2+Manganese(II) ion + 2K+Potassium ion + 18H2OWater๐ฅโถ
General equation
- Reaction of hardly oxidizable species and oxidizing species under acidic condition
- Hardly oxidizable speciesReducing agent + Oxidizing speciesOxidizing agent + H+Non-redox agent โถ ProductOxidation product + ProductReduction product + H2ONon-redox product
Oxidation state of each atom
- Reaction of cadmium chloride and potassium permanganate under acidic condition
Reactants
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CdCl2 | Cadmium chloride | 5 | Reducing | Hardly oxidizable |
| KMnO4 | Potassium permanganate | 12 | Oxidizing | Oxidizing under acidic condition |
| H+ | Hydrogen ion | 36 | โ | Hydrogen ion |
Products
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cd2+ | Cadmium ion | 5 | โ | โ |
| KClO3 | Potassium chlorate | 10 | Oxidized | โ |
| Mn2+ | Manganese(II) ion | 12 | Reduced | โ |
| K+ | Potassium ion | 2 | โ | โ |
| H2O | Water | 18 | โ | Water |
Thermodynamic changes
Changes in standard condition (1)
- Reaction of cadmium chloride and potassium permanganate under acidic conditionโ
ฮrG โ406.0 kJ/mol K 1.34 ร 1071 pK โ71.13
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ฮrHยฐ kJ ยท molโ1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ฮrGยฐ kJ ยท molโ1 | Standard entropy of reaction ฮrSยฐ J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ฮrCpยฐ J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | โ665.1 | โ406.0 | โ860.7 | โ |
per 1 mol of | โ133.0 | โ81.20 | โ172.1 | โ |
per 1 mol of | โ55.43 | โ33.83 | โ71.73 | โ |
per 1 mol of Hydrogen ion | โ18.48 | โ11.28 | โ23.91 | โ |
per 1 mol of Cadmium ion | โ133.0 | โ81.20 | โ172.1 | โ |
per 1 mol of | โ66.51 | โ40.60 | โ86.07 | โ |
per 1 mol of Manganese(II) ion | โ55.43 | โ33.83 | โ71.73 | โ |
per 1 mol of Potassium ion | โ332.6 | โ203.0 | โ430.4 | โ |
per 1 mol of | โ36.95 | โ22.56 | โ47.82 | โ |
Changes in standard condition (2)
- Reaction of cadmium chloride and potassium permanganate under acidic conditionโ
ฮrG โ309.9 kJ/mol K 1.96 ร 1054 pK โ54.29
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ฮrHยฐ kJ ยท molโ1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ฮrGยฐ kJ ยท molโ1 | Standard entropy of reaction ฮrSยฐ J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ฮrCpยฐ J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | โ691.1 | โ309.9 | โ1271.2 | โ |
per 1 mol of | โ138.2 | โ61.98 | โ254.24 | โ |
per 1 mol of | โ57.59 | โ25.82 | โ105.93 | โ |
per 1 mol of Hydrogen ion | โ19.20 | โ8.608 | โ35.311 | โ |
per 1 mol of Cadmium ion | โ138.2 | โ61.98 | โ254.24 | โ |
per 1 mol of | โ69.11 | โ30.99 | โ127.12 | โ |
per 1 mol of Manganese(II) ion | โ57.59 | โ25.82 | โ105.93 | โ |
per 1 mol of Potassium ion | โ345.6 | โ154.9 | โ635.60 | โ |
per 1 mol of | โ38.39 | โ17.22 | โ70.622 | โ |
Thermodynamic data of reactants
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ฮfHยฐ kJ ยท molโ1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ฮfGยฐ kJ ยท molโ1 | Standard molar entropy Sยฐ J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cpยฐ J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CdCl2 (cr) | -391.50[1] | -343.93[1] | 115.27[1] | 74.68[1] |
| CdCl2 (ai) | -410.20[1] | -340.068[1] | 39.7[1] | โ |
| CdCl2 (ao) | -405.0[1] | -359.29[1] | 121.8[1] | โ |
| CdCl2 (cr) 1 hydrate | -688.44[1] | -586.975[1] | 167.8[1] | โ |
| CdCl2 (cr) 2.5 hydrate | -1131.94[1] | -943.939[1] | 227.2[1] | โ |
| KMnO4 (cr) | -837.2[1] | -737.6[1] | 171.71[1] | 117.57[1] |
| KMnO4 (ai) | -793.8[1] | -730.5[1] | 293.7[1] | -60.2[1] |
| H+ (g) | 1536.202[1] | โ | โ | โ |
| H+ (ao) | 0[1] | 0[1] | 0[1] | 0[1] |
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution, (g):Gas
Thermodynamic data of products
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ฮfHยฐ kJ ยท molโ1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ฮfGยฐ kJ ยท molโ1 | Standard molar entropy Sยฐ J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cpยฐ J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cd2+ (g) | 2623.54[1] | โ | โ | โ |
| Cd2+ (ao) | -75.90[1] | -77.612[1] | -73.2[1] | โ |
| KClO3 (cr) | -397.73[1] | -296.25[1] | 143.1[1] | 100.25[1] |
| KClO3 (ai) | -356.35[1] | -291.22[1] | 264.8[1] | โ |
| Mn2+ (g) | 2519.69[1] | โ | โ | โ |
| Mn2+ (ao) | -220.75[1] | -228.1[1] | -73.6[1] | 50[1] |
| K+ (g) | 514.26[1] | โ | โ | โ |
| K+ (ao) | -252.38[1] | -283.27[1] | 102.5[1] | 21.8[1] |
| H2O (cr) | โ | โ | โ | โ |
| H2O (l) | -285.830[1] | -237.129[1] | 69.91[1] | 75.291[1] |
| H2O (g) | -241.818[1] | -228.572[1] | 188.825[1] | 33.577[1] |
* (g):Gas, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution, (cr):Crystalline solid, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (l):Liquid
References
List of references
- 1Janiel J. Reed (1989)The NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties: Selected Values for Inorganic and C1 and C2 Organic Substances in SI UnitsNational Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
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- ^ ฮfGยฐ, -343.93 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ Sยฐ, 115.27 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ Cpยฐ, 74.68 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfHยฐ, -410.20 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfGยฐ, -340.068 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ Sยฐ, 39.7 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfHยฐ, -405.0 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfGยฐ, -359.29 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ Sยฐ, 121.8 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfHยฐ, -688.44 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfGยฐ, -586.975 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ Sยฐ, 167.8 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfHยฐ, -1131.94 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfGยฐ, -943.939 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ Sยฐ, 227.2 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfHยฐ, -837.2 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfGยฐ, -737.6 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ Sยฐ, 171.71 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ Cpยฐ, 117.57 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfHยฐ, -793.8 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfGยฐ, -730.5 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ Sยฐ, 293.7 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ Cpยฐ, -60.2 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfHยฐ, 1536.202 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfHยฐ, 0 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfGยฐ, 0 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ Sยฐ, 0 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ Cpยฐ, 0 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfHยฐ, 2623.54 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfHยฐ, -75.90 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfGยฐ, -77.612 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ Sยฐ, -73.2 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfHยฐ, -397.73 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfGยฐ, -296.25 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ Sยฐ, 143.1 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ Cpยฐ, 100.25 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfHยฐ, -356.35 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfGยฐ, -291.22 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ Sยฐ, 264.8 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfHยฐ, 2519.69 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfHยฐ, -220.75 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfGยฐ, -228.1 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ Sยฐ, -73.6 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ Cpยฐ, 50. J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfHยฐ, 514.26 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfHยฐ, -252.38 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfGยฐ, -283.27 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ Sยฐ, 102.5 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ Cpยฐ, 21.8 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfHยฐ, -285.830 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfGยฐ, -237.129 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ Sยฐ, 69.91 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ Cpยฐ, 75.291 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfHยฐ, -241.818 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfGยฐ, -228.572 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ Sยฐ, 188.825 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ Cpยฐ, 33.577 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1