5Cu + 3Cd(NO3)2 + 12H+ → 2Cu(NO3)2 + 3Cu2+ + N2↑ + 3Cd2+ + 6H2O
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- Reaction of and cadmium nitrate under acidic condition
- 5 + 3Cd(NO3)2Cadmium nitrate + 12H+Hydrogen ion2Cu(NO3)2Copper(II) nitrate + 3Cu2+Copper(II) ion + ↑ + 3Cd2+Cadmium ion + 6H2OWater⟶
The reaction of , cadmium nitrate, and hydrogen ion yields copper(II) nitrate, copper(II) ion, , cadmium ion, and water (Other reactions are here). This reaction is an oxidation-reduction reaction and is classified as follows:
Table of contents
Reaction data
Chemical equation
- Reaction of and cadmium nitrate under acidic condition
- 5 + 3Cd(NO3)2Cadmium nitrate + 12H+Hydrogen ion2Cu(NO3)2Copper(II) nitrate + 3Cu2+Copper(II) ion + ↑ + 3Cd2+Cadmium ion + 6H2OWater⟶
General equation
- Reaction of oxidizable species and oxidizing species under acidic condition
- Oxidizable speciesReducing agent + Oxidizing speciesOxidizing agent + H+Non-redox agent ⟶ ProductOxidation product + ProductReduction product + H2ONon-redox product
Oxidation state of each atom
- Reaction of and cadmium nitrate under acidic condition
Reactants
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5 | Reducing | Oxidizable | ||
| Cd(NO3)2 | Cadmium nitrate | 3 | Oxidizing | Oxidizing under acidic condition |
| H+ | Hydrogen ion | 12 | – | Hydrogen ion |
Products
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cu(NO3)2 | Copper(II) nitrate | 2 | Oxidized | – |
| Cu2+ | Copper(II) ion | 3 | Oxidized | – |
| 1 | Reduced | – | ||
| Cd2+ | Cadmium ion | 3 | – | – |
| H2O | Water | 6 | – | Water |
Thermodynamic changes
Changes in standard condition
- Reaction of and cadmium nitrate under acidic condition◆
ΔrG −872.85 kJ/mol K 8.25 × 10152 pK −152.92
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | −976.41 | −872.85 | −345.6 | – |
| −195.28 | −174.57 | −69.12 | – | |
per 1 mol of | −325.47 | −290.95 | −115.2 | – |
per 1 mol of Hydrogen ion | −81.367 | −72.737 | −28.80 | – |
per 1 mol of | −488.20 | −436.43 | −172.8 | – |
per 1 mol of Copper(II) ion | −325.47 | −290.95 | −115.2 | – |
| −976.41 | −872.85 | −345.6 | – | |
per 1 mol of Cadmium ion | −325.47 | −290.95 | −115.2 | – |
per 1 mol of | −162.73 | −145.47 | −57.60 | – |
Thermodynamic data of reactants
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (cr) | 0[1] | 0[1] | 33.150[1] | 24.435[1] |
| (g) | 338.32[1] | 298.58[1] | 166.38[1] | 20.786[1] |
| Cd(NO3)2 (cr) | -456.31[1] | – | – | – |
| Cd(NO3)2 (ai) | -490.62[1] | -300.11[1] | 219.7[1] | – |
| Cd(NO3)2 (cr) 2 hydrate | -1055.62[1] | – | – | – |
| Cd(NO3)2 (cr) 4 hydrate | -1648.96[1] | – | – | – |
| H+ (g) | 1536.202[1] | – | – | – |
| H+ (ao) | 0[1] | 0[1] | 0[1] | 0[1] |
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (g):Gas, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution
Thermodynamic data of products
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cu(NO3)2 (cr) | -302.9[1] | – | – | – |
| Cu(NO3)2 (ai) | -349.95[1] | -157.02[1] | 193.3[1] | – |
| Cu(NO3)2 (cr) 3 hydrate | -1217.1[1] | – | – | – |
| Cu(NO3)2 (cr) 6 hydrate | -2110.8[1] | – | – | – |
| Cu2+ (g) | 3054.07[1] | – | – | – |
| Cu2+ (ao) | 64.77[1] | 65.49[1] | -99.6[1] | – |
| (g) | 0[1] | 0[1] | 191.61[1] | 29.125[1] |
| Cd2+ (g) | 2623.54[1] | – | – | – |
| Cd2+ (ao) | -75.90[1] | -77.612[1] | -73.2[1] | – |
| H2O (cr) | – | – | – | – |
| H2O (l) | -285.830[1] | -237.129[1] | 69.91[1] | 75.291[1] |
| H2O (g) | -241.818[1] | -228.572[1] | 188.825[1] | 33.577[1] |
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (g):Gas, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution, (l):Liquid
References
List of references
- 1Janiel J. Reed (1989)The NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties: Selected Values for Inorganic and C1 and C2 Organic Substances in SI UnitsNational Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
- ^ ΔfH°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 33.150 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 24.435 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 338.32 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 298.58 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 166.38 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 20.786 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -456.31 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -490.62 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -300.11 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 219.7 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -1055.62 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -1648.96 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 1536.202 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -302.9 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -349.95 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -157.02 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 193.3 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -1217.1 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -2110.8 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 3054.07 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 64.77 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 65.49 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, -99.6 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 191.61 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 29.125 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 2623.54 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -75.90 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -77.612 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, -73.2 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -285.830 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -237.129 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 69.91 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 75.291 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -241.818 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -228.572 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 188.825 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 33.577 J · K−1 · mol−1