5HCl + 4KBrO3 + 4H+ 🔥→ 5HClO2 + 2Br2 + 4K+ + 2H2O
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- Reaction of hydrogen chloride and potassium bromate under acidic condition
- 5HClHydrogen chloride + 4KBrO3Potassium bromate + 4H+Hydrogen ion5HClO2Chlorous acid + 2 + 4K+Potassium ion + 2H2OWater🔥⟶
The reaction of hydrogen chloride, potassium bromate, and hydrogen ion yields chlorous acid, , potassium ion, and water (Other reactions are here). This reaction is an oxidation-reduction reaction and is classified as follows:
Table of contents
Reaction data
Chemical equation
- Reaction of hydrogen chloride and potassium bromate under acidic condition
- 5HClHydrogen chloride + 4KBrO3Potassium bromate + 4H+Hydrogen ion5HClO2Chlorous acid + 2 + 4K+Potassium ion + 2H2OWater🔥⟶
General equation
- Reaction of hardly oxidizable species and oxidizing species under acidic condition
- Hardly oxidizable speciesReducing agent + Oxidizing speciesOxidizing agent + H+Non-redox agent ⟶ ProductOxidation product + ProductReduction product + H2ONon-redox product
Oxidation state of each atom
- Reaction of hydrogen chloride and potassium bromate under acidic condition
Reactants
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HCl | Hydrogen chloride | 5 | Reducing | Hardly oxidizable |
| KBrO3 | Potassium bromate | 4 | Oxidizing | Oxidizing under acidic condition |
| H+ | Hydrogen ion | 4 | – | Hydrogen ion |
Products
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HClO2 | Chlorous acid | 5 | Oxidized | – |
| 2 | Reduced | – | ||
| K+ | Potassium ion | 4 | – | – |
| H2O | Water | 2 | – | Water |
Thermodynamic changes
Changes in standard condition
- Reaction of hydrogen chloride and potassium bromate under acidic condition◆
ΔrG 144.8 kJ/mol K 0.43 × 10−25 pK 25.37
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 267.7 | 144.8 | 412.9 | – |
per 1 mol of | 53.54 | 28.96 | 82.58 | – |
per 1 mol of | 66.92 | 36.20 | 103.2 | – |
per 1 mol of Hydrogen ion | 66.92 | 36.20 | 103.2 | – |
per 1 mol of | 53.54 | 28.96 | 82.58 | – |
| 133.8 | 72.40 | 206.4 | – | |
per 1 mol of Potassium ion | 66.92 | 36.20 | 103.2 | – |
per 1 mol of | 133.8 | 72.40 | 206.4 | – |
Thermodynamic data of reactants
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HCl (g) | -92.307[1] | -95.299[1] | 186.908[1] | 29.12[1] |
| HCl (ai) | -167.159[1] | -131.228[1] | 56.5[1] | -136.4[1] |
| KBrO3 (cr) | -360.24[1] | -271.16[1] | 149.16[1] | 105.19[1] |
| KBrO3 (ai) | -319.45[1] | -264.67[1] | 264.22[1] | – |
| H+ (g) | 1536.202[1] | – | – | – |
| H+ (ao) | 0[1] | 0[1] | 0[1] | 0[1] |
* (g):Gas, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (cr):Crystalline solid, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution
Thermodynamic data of products
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HClO2 (ao) | -51.9[1] | 5.9[1] | 188.3[1] | – |
| (cr) | – | – | – | – |
| (l) | 0[1] | 0[1] | 152.231[1] | 75.689[1] |
| (g) | 30.907[1] | 3.110[1] | 245.463[1] | 36.02[1] |
| (ao) | -2.59[1] | 3.93[1] | 130.5[1] | – |
| K+ (g) | 514.26[1] | – | – | – |
| K+ (ao) | -252.38[1] | -283.27[1] | 102.5[1] | 21.8[1] |
| H2O (cr) | – | – | – | – |
| H2O (l) | -285.830[1] | -237.129[1] | 69.91[1] | 75.291[1] |
| H2O (g) | -241.818[1] | -228.572[1] | 188.825[1] | 33.577[1] |
* (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution, (cr):Crystalline solid, (l):Liquid, (g):Gas
References
List of references
- 1Janiel J. Reed (1989)The NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties: Selected Values for Inorganic and C1 and C2 Organic Substances in SI UnitsNational Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
- ^ ΔfH°, -92.307 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -95.299 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 186.908 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 29.12 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -167.159 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -131.228 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 56.5 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, -136.4 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -360.24 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -271.16 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 149.16 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 105.19 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -319.45 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -264.67 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 264.22 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 1536.202 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -51.9 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 5.9 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 188.3 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 152.231 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 75.689 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 30.907 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 3.110 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 245.463 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 36.02 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -2.59 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 3.93 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 130.5 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 514.26 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -252.38 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -283.27 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 102.5 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 21.8 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -285.830 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -237.129 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 69.91 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 75.291 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -241.818 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -228.572 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 188.825 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 33.577 J · K−1 · mol−1