5HCl + 4AgNO3 🔥→ HClO4 + 4HNO2 + 4AgCl
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The reaction of hydrogen chloride and silver(I) nitrate yields perchloric acid, nitrous acid, and silver(I) chloride (Other reactions are here). This reaction is an oxidation-reduction reaction and is classified as follows:
Table of contents
Reaction data
Chemical equation
- Reaction of hydrogen chloride and silver(I) nitrate
General equation
- Reaction of hardly oxidizable species and oxidizing species
- Hardly oxidizable speciesReducing agent + Oxidizing speciesOxidizing agent ⟶ ProductOxidation product + ProductReduction product
Oxidation state of each atom
- Reaction of hydrogen chloride and silver(I) nitrate
Reactants
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HCl | Hydrogen chloride | 5 | Reducing | Hardly oxidizable |
| AgNO3 | Silver(I) nitrate | 4 | Oxidizing | Oxidizing |
Products
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HClO4 | Perchloric acid | 1 | Oxidized | – |
| HNO2 | Nitrous acid | 4 | Reduced | – |
| AgCl | Silver(I) chloride | 4 | – | – |
Thermodynamic changes
Changes in standard condition (1)
- Reaction of hydrogen chloride and silver(I) nitrate◆
ΔrG 365.4 kJ/mol K 0.97 × 10−64 pK 64.02
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 390.5 | 365.4 | 82.3 | – |
per 1 mol of | 78.10 | 73.08 | 16.5 | – |
per 1 mol of | 97.63 | 91.35 | 20.6 | – |
per 1 mol of | 390.5 | 365.4 | 82.3 | – |
per 1 mol of | 97.63 | 91.35 | 20.6 | – |
per 1 mol of | 97.63 | 91.35 | 20.6 | – |
Changes in standard condition (2)
- Reaction of hydrogen chloride and silver(I) nitrate◆
ΔrG 290.7 kJ/mol K 0.12 × 10−50 pK 50.93
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 345.7 | 290.7 | 181.1 | – |
per 1 mol of | 69.14 | 58.14 | 36.22 | – |
per 1 mol of | 86.42 | 72.67 | 45.27 | – |
per 1 mol of | 345.7 | 290.7 | 181.1 | – |
per 1 mol of | 86.42 | 72.67 | 45.27 | – |
per 1 mol of | 86.42 | 72.67 | 45.27 | – |
Changes in standard condition (3)
- Reaction of hydrogen chloride and silver(I) nitrate◆
ΔrG 358.7 kJ/mol K 0.14 × 10−62 pK 62.84
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | – | 358.7 | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | 71.74 | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | 89.67 | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | 358.7 | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | 89.67 | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | 89.67 | – | – |
Changes in standard condition (4)
- Reaction of hydrogen chloride and silver(I) nitrate◆
ΔrG 284.0 kJ/mol K 0.18 × 10−49 pK 49.75
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | – | 284.0 | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | 56.80 | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | 71.00 | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | 284.0 | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | 71.00 | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | 71.00 | – | – |
Thermodynamic data of reactants
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HCl (g) | -92.307[1] | -95.299[1] | 186.908[1] | 29.12[1] |
| HCl (ai) | -167.159[1] | -131.228[1] | 56.5[1] | -136.4[1] |
| AgNO3 (cr) | -124.39[1] | -33.41[1] | 140.92[1] | 93.05[1] |
| AgNO3 (ai) | -101.80[1] | -34.16[1] | 219.2[1] | -64.9[1] |
| AgNO3 (ao) | – | -32.49[1] | – | – |
* (g):Gas, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (cr):Crystalline solid, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution
Thermodynamic data of products
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HClO4 (l) | -40.58[1] | – | – | – |
| HClO4 (ai) | -129.33[1] | -8.52[1] | 182.0[1] | – |
| HClO4 (cr) 1 hydrate | -382.21[1] | – | – | – |
| HClO4 (l) 2 hydrate | -677.98[1] | – | – | – |
| HNO2 (g) cis | -77.99[1] | -42.94[1] | 248.76[1] | 44.77[1] |
| HNO2 (g) trans | -80.12[1] | -45.24[1] | 249.22[1] | 46.07[1] |
| HNO2 (g) | -79.5[1] | -46.0[1] | 254.1[1] | 45.6[1] |
| HNO2 (ao) | -119.2[1] | -50.6[1] | 135.6[1] | – |
| AgCl (cr) | -127.068[1] | -109.789[1] | 96.2[1] | 50.79[1] |
| AgCl (g) | – | – | 245.92[1] | 35.86[1] |
| AgCl (ai) | -61.580[1] | -54.120[1] | 129.3[1] | -114.6[1] |
| AgCl (ao) | -72.8[1] | -72.8[1] | 154.0[1] | – |
* (l):Liquid, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (cr):Crystalline solid, (g):Gas, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution
References
List of references
- 1Janiel J. Reed (1989)The NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties: Selected Values for Inorganic and C1 and C2 Organic Substances in SI UnitsNational Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
- ^ ΔfH°, -92.307 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -95.299 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 186.908 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 29.12 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -167.159 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -131.228 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 56.5 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, -136.4 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -124.39 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -33.41 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 140.92 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 93.05 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -101.80 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -34.16 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 219.2 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, -64.9 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -32.49 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -40.58 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -129.33 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -8.52 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 182.0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -382.21 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -677.98 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -77.99 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -42.94 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 248.76 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 44.77 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -80.12 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -45.24 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 249.22 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 46.07 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -79.5 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -46.0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 254.1 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 45.6 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -119.2 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -50.6 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 135.6 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -127.068 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -109.789 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 96.2 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 50.79 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ S°, 245.92 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 35.86 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -61.580 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -54.120 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 129.3 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, -114.6 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -72.8 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -72.8 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 154.0 J · K−1 · mol−1