5PbCl2 + 18HNO3 ๐ฅโ 5PbO2 + 10HClO4 + 9N2โ + 4H2O
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- Reaction of lead(II) chloride and nitric acid
- 5PbCl2Lead(II) chloride + 18HNO3Nitric acid5PbO2Lead(IV) oxide + 10HClO4Perchloric acid + 9โ + 4H2OWater๐ฅโถ
The reaction of lead(II) chloride and nitric acid yields lead(IV) oxide, perchloric acid, , and water (Other reactions are here). This reaction is an oxidation-reduction reaction and is classified as follows:
Table of contents
Reaction data
Chemical equation
- Reaction of lead(II) chloride and nitric acid
- 5PbCl2Lead(II) chloride + 18HNO3Nitric acid5PbO2Lead(IV) oxide + 10HClO4Perchloric acid + 9โ + 4H2OWater๐ฅโถ
General equation
- Reaction of hardly oxidizable species and oxidizing species
- Hardly oxidizable speciesReducing agent + Oxidizing speciesOxidizing agent โถ ProductOxidation product + ProductReduction product
Oxidation state of each atom
- Reaction of lead(II) chloride and nitric acid
Reactants
Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
---|---|---|---|---|
PbCl2 | Lead(II) chloride | 5 | Reducing | Hardly oxidizable |
HNO3 | Nitric acid | 18 | Oxidizing | Oxidizing |
Products
Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
---|---|---|---|---|
PbO2 | Lead(IV) oxide | 5 | Oxidized | โ |
HClO4 | Perchloric acid | 10 | Oxidized | โ |
9 | Reduced | โ | ||
H2O | Water | 4 | โ | โ |
Thermodynamic changes
Changes in standard condition
- Reaction of lead(II) chloride and nitric acid
Standard enthalpy of reaction ฮrHยฐ kJ ยท molโ1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ฮrGยฐ kJ ยท molโ1 | Standard entropy of reaction ฮrSยฐ J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ฮrCpยฐ J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1 | |
---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 1994.7 | โ | โ | โ |
per 1 mol of | 398.94 | โ | โ | โ |
per 1 mol of | 110.82 | โ | โ | โ |
per 1 mol of | 398.94 | โ | โ | โ |
per 1 mol of | 199.47 | โ | โ | โ |
221.63 | โ | โ | โ | |
per 1 mol of | 498.68 | โ | โ | โ |
Changes in aqueous solution (1)
- Reaction of lead(II) chloride and nitric acidโ
ฮrG 1316.43 kJ/mol K 0.24 ร 10โ230 pK 230.63
Standard enthalpy of reaction ฮrHยฐ kJ ยท molโ1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ฮrGยฐ kJ ยท molโ1 | Standard entropy of reaction ฮrSยฐ J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ฮrCpยฐ J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1 | |
---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 1588.9 | 1316.43 | 914.9 | โ |
per 1 mol of | 317.78 | 263.286 | 183.0 | โ |
per 1 mol of | 88.272 | 73.1350 | 50.83 | โ |
per 1 mol of | 317.78 | 263.286 | 183.0 | โ |
per 1 mol of | 158.89 | 131.643 | 91.49 | โ |
176.54 | 146.270 | 101.7 | โ | |
per 1 mol of | 397.23 | 329.108 | 228.7 | โ |
Changes in aqueous solution (2)
- Reaction of lead(II) chloride and nitric acidโ
ฮrG 1367.93 kJ/mol K 0.22 ร 10โ239 pK 239.65
Standard enthalpy of reaction ฮrHยฐ kJ ยท molโ1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ฮrGยฐ kJ ยท molโ1 | Standard entropy of reaction ฮrSยฐ J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ฮrCpยฐ J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1 | |
---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | โ | 1367.93 | โ | โ |
per 1 mol of | โ | 273.586 | โ | โ |
per 1 mol of | โ | 75.9961 | โ | โ |
per 1 mol of | โ | 273.586 | โ | โ |
per 1 mol of | โ | 136.793 | โ | โ |
โ | 151.992 | โ | โ | |
per 1 mol of | โ | 341.983 | โ | โ |
Thermodynamic data of reactants
Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ฮfHยฐ kJ ยท molโ1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ฮfGยฐ kJ ยท molโ1 | Standard molar entropy Sยฐ J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cpยฐ J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1 |
---|---|---|---|---|
PbCl2 (cr) | -359.41[1] | -314.10[1] | 136.0[1] | โ |
PbCl2 (ai) | -336.0[1] | -286.86[1] | 123.4[1] | โ |
PbCl2 (ao) | โ | -297.16[1] | โ | โ |
HNO3 (l) | -174.10[1] | -80.71[1] | 155.60[1] | 109.87[1] |
HNO3 (g) | -135.06[1] | -74.72[1] | 266.38[1] | 53.35[1] |
HNO3 (ai) | -207.36[1] | -111.25[1] | 146.4[1] | -86.6[1] |
HNO3 (l) 1 hydrate | -473.46[1] | -328.77[1] | 216.90[1] | 182.46[1] |
HNO3 (l) 3 hydrate | -1056.04[1] | -811.09[1] | 346.98[1] | 325.14[1] |
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution, (l):Liquid, (g):Gas
Thermodynamic data of products
Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ฮfHยฐ kJ ยท molโ1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ฮfGยฐ kJ ยท molโ1 | Standard molar entropy Sยฐ J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cpยฐ J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1 |
---|---|---|---|---|
PbO2 (cr) | -277.4[1] | -217.33[1] | 68.6[1] | 64.64[1] |
HClO4 (l) | -40.58[1] | โ | โ | โ |
HClO4 (ai) | -129.33[1] | -8.52[1] | 182.0[1] | โ |
HClO4 (cr) 1 hydrate | -382.21[1] | โ | โ | โ |
HClO4 (l) 2 hydrate | -677.98[1] | โ | โ | โ |
(g) | 0[1] | 0[1] | 191.61[1] | 29.125[1] |
H2O (cr) | โ | โ | โ | โ |
H2O (l) | -285.830[1] | -237.129[1] | 69.91[1] | 75.291[1] |
H2O (g) | -241.818[1] | -228.572[1] | 188.825[1] | 33.577[1] |
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (l):Liquid, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (g):Gas
References
List of references
- 1Janiel J. Reed (1989)The NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties: Selected Values for Inorganic and C1 and C2 Organic Substances in SI UnitsNational Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
- ^ ฮfHยฐ, -359.41 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfGยฐ, -314.10 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ Sยฐ, 136.0 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfHยฐ, -336.0 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfGยฐ, -286.86 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ Sยฐ, 123.4 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfGยฐ, -297.16 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfHยฐ, -174.10 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfGยฐ, -80.71 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ Sยฐ, 155.60 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ Cpยฐ, 109.87 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfHยฐ, -135.06 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfGยฐ, -74.72 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ Sยฐ, 266.38 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ Cpยฐ, 53.35 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfHยฐ, -207.36 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfGยฐ, -111.25 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ Sยฐ, 146.4 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ Cpยฐ, -86.6 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfHยฐ, -473.46 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfGยฐ, -328.77 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ Sยฐ, 216.90 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ Cpยฐ, 182.46 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfHยฐ, -1056.04 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfGยฐ, -811.09 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ Sยฐ, 346.98 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ Cpยฐ, 325.14 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfHยฐ, -277.4 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfGยฐ, -217.33 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ Sยฐ, 68.6 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ Cpยฐ, 64.64 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfHยฐ, -40.58 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfHยฐ, -129.33 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfGยฐ, -8.52 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ Sยฐ, 182.0 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfHยฐ, -382.21 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfHยฐ, -677.98 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfHยฐ, 0 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfGยฐ, 0 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ Sยฐ, 191.61 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ Cpยฐ, 29.125 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfHยฐ, -285.830 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfGยฐ, -237.129 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ Sยฐ, 69.91 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ Cpยฐ, 75.291 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfHยฐ, -241.818 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfGยฐ, -228.572 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ Sยฐ, 188.825 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ Cpยฐ, 33.577 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1