5PbCl2 + 18KMnO4 + 54H+ → 5PbO2 + 10HClO4 + 18Mn2+ + 18K+ + 22H2O
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- Reaction of lead(II) chloride and potassium permanganate under acidic condition
- 5PbCl2Lead(II) chloride + 18KMnO4Potassium permanganate + 54H+Hydrogen ion5PbO2Lead(IV) oxide + 10HClO4Perchloric acid + 18Mn2+Manganese(II) ion + 18K+Potassium ion + 22H2OWater⟶
The reaction of lead(II) chloride, potassium permanganate, and hydrogen ion yields lead(IV) oxide, perchloric acid, manganese(II) ion, potassium ion, and water (Other reactions are here). This reaction is an oxidation-reduction reaction and is classified as follows:
Table of contents
Reaction data
Chemical equation
- Reaction of lead(II) chloride and potassium permanganate under acidic condition
- 5PbCl2Lead(II) chloride + 18KMnO4Potassium permanganate + 54H+Hydrogen ion5PbO2Lead(IV) oxide + 10HClO4Perchloric acid + 18Mn2+Manganese(II) ion + 18K+Potassium ion + 22H2OWater⟶
General equation
- Reaction of hardly oxidizable species and oxidizing species under acidic condition
- Hardly oxidizable speciesReducing agent + Oxidizing speciesOxidizing agent + H+Non-redox agent ⟶ ProductOxidation product + ProductReduction product + H2ONon-redox product
Oxidation state of each atom
- Reaction of lead(II) chloride and potassium permanganate under acidic condition
Reactants
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PbCl2 | Lead(II) chloride | 5 | Reducing | Hardly oxidizable |
| KMnO4 | Potassium permanganate | 18 | Oxidizing | Oxidizing under acidic condition |
| H+ | Hydrogen ion | 54 | – | Hydrogen ion |
Products
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PbO2 | Lead(IV) oxide | 5 | Oxidized | – |
| HClO4 | Perchloric acid | 10 | Oxidized | – |
| Mn2+ | Manganese(II) ion | 18 | Reduced | – |
| K+ | Potassium ion | 18 | – | – |
| H2O | Water | 22 | – | Water |
Thermodynamic changes
Changes in standard condition (1)
- Reaction of lead(II) chloride and potassium permanganate under acidic condition◆
ΔrG −1010.0 kJ/mol K 8.80 × 10176 pK −176.94
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | −1516.5 | −1010.0 | −1682.4 | – |
per 1 mol of | −303.30 | −202.00 | −336.48 | – |
per 1 mol of | −84.250 | −56.111 | −93.467 | – |
per 1 mol of Hydrogen ion | −28.083 | −18.704 | −31.156 | – |
per 1 mol of | −303.30 | −202.00 | −336.48 | – |
per 1 mol of | −151.65 | −101.00 | −168.24 | – |
per 1 mol of Manganese(II) ion | −84.250 | −56.111 | −93.467 | – |
per 1 mol of Potassium ion | −84.250 | −56.111 | −93.467 | – |
per 1 mol of | −68.932 | −45.909 | −76.473 | – |
Changes in standard condition (2)
- Reaction of lead(II) chloride and potassium permanganate under acidic condition◆
ΔrG −958.5 kJ/mol K 8.35 × 10167 pK −167.92
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | – | −958.5 | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | −191.7 | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | −53.25 | – | – |
per 1 mol of Hydrogen ion | – | −17.75 | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | −191.7 | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | −95.85 | – | – |
per 1 mol of Manganese(II) ion | – | −53.25 | – | – |
per 1 mol of Potassium ion | – | −53.25 | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | −43.57 | – | – |
Thermodynamic data of reactants
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PbCl2 (cr) | -359.41[1] | -314.10[1] | 136.0[1] | – |
| PbCl2 (ai) | -336.0[1] | -286.86[1] | 123.4[1] | – |
| PbCl2 (ao) | – | -297.16[1] | – | – |
| KMnO4 (cr) | -837.2[1] | -737.6[1] | 171.71[1] | 117.57[1] |
| KMnO4 (ai) | -793.8[1] | -730.5[1] | 293.7[1] | -60.2[1] |
| H+ (g) | 1536.202[1] | – | – | – |
| H+ (ao) | 0[1] | 0[1] | 0[1] | 0[1] |
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution, (g):Gas
Thermodynamic data of products
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PbO2 (cr) | -277.4[1] | -217.33[1] | 68.6[1] | 64.64[1] |
| HClO4 (l) | -40.58[1] | – | – | – |
| HClO4 (ai) | -129.33[1] | -8.52[1] | 182.0[1] | – |
| HClO4 (cr) 1 hydrate | -382.21[1] | – | – | – |
| HClO4 (l) 2 hydrate | -677.98[1] | – | – | – |
| Mn2+ (g) | 2519.69[1] | – | – | – |
| Mn2+ (ao) | -220.75[1] | -228.1[1] | -73.6[1] | 50[1] |
| K+ (g) | 514.26[1] | – | – | – |
| K+ (ao) | -252.38[1] | -283.27[1] | 102.5[1] | 21.8[1] |
| H2O (cr) | – | – | – | – |
| H2O (l) | -285.830[1] | -237.129[1] | 69.91[1] | 75.291[1] |
| H2O (g) | -241.818[1] | -228.572[1] | 188.825[1] | 33.577[1] |
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (l):Liquid, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (g):Gas, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution
References
List of references
- 1Janiel J. Reed (1989)The NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties: Selected Values for Inorganic and C1 and C2 Organic Substances in SI UnitsNational Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
- ^ ΔfH°, -359.41 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -314.10 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 136.0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -336.0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -286.86 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 123.4 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -297.16 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -837.2 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -737.6 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 171.71 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 117.57 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -793.8 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -730.5 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 293.7 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, -60.2 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 1536.202 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -277.4 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -217.33 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 68.6 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 64.64 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -40.58 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -129.33 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -8.52 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 182.0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -382.21 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -677.98 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 2519.69 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -220.75 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -228.1 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, -73.6 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 50. J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 514.26 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -252.38 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -283.27 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 102.5 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 21.8 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -285.830 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -237.129 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 69.91 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 75.291 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -241.818 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -228.572 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 188.825 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 33.577 J · K−1 · mol−1