5PbCl2 + 6HNO3 🔥→ 5PbO2 + 5Cl2O↑ + 3N2↑ + 3H2O
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- Reaction of lead(II) chloride and nitric acid
- 5PbCl2Lead(II) chloride + 6HNO3Nitric acid5PbO2Lead(IV) oxide + 5Cl2O↑Dichlorine monoxide + 3↑ + 3H2OWater🔥⟶
The reaction of lead(II) chloride and nitric acid yields lead(IV) oxide, dichlorine monoxide, , and water (Other reactions are here). This reaction is an oxidation-reduction reaction and is classified as follows:
Table of contents
Reaction data
Chemical equation
- Reaction of lead(II) chloride and nitric acid
- 5PbCl2Lead(II) chloride + 6HNO3Nitric acid5PbO2Lead(IV) oxide + 5Cl2O↑Dichlorine monoxide + 3↑ + 3H2OWater🔥⟶
General equation
- Reaction of hardly oxidizable species and oxidizing species
- Hardly oxidizable speciesReducing agent + Oxidizing speciesOxidizing agent ⟶ ProductOxidation product + ProductReduction product
Oxidation state of each atom
- Reaction of lead(II) chloride and nitric acid
Reactants
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PbCl2 | Lead(II) chloride | 5 | Reducing | Hardly oxidizable |
| HNO3 | Nitric acid | 6 | Oxidizing | Oxidizing |
Products
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PbO2 | Lead(IV) oxide | 5 | Oxidized | – |
| Cl2O | Dichlorine monoxide | 5 | Oxidized | – |
| 3 | Reduced | – | ||
| H2O | Water | 3 | – | – |
Thermodynamic changes
Changes in standard condition
- Reaction of lead(II) chloride and nitric acid◆
ΔrG 746.2 kJ/mol K 0.19 × 10−130 pK 130.73
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 998.7 | 746.2 | 845.0 | – |
per 1 mol of | 199.7 | 149.2 | 169.0 | – |
per 1 mol of | 166.5 | 124.4 | 140.8 | – |
per 1 mol of | 199.7 | 149.2 | 169.0 | – |
per 1 mol of | 199.7 | 149.2 | 169.0 | – |
| 332.9 | 248.7 | 281.7 | – | |
per 1 mol of | 332.9 | 248.7 | 281.7 | – |
Changes in aqueous solution (1)
- Reaction of lead(II) chloride and nitric acid◆
ΔrG 793.3 kJ/mol K 0.10 × 10−138 pK 138.98
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 1081.2 | 793.3 | 963.2 | – |
per 1 mol of | 216.24 | 158.7 | 192.6 | – |
per 1 mol of | 180.20 | 132.2 | 160.5 | – |
per 1 mol of | 216.24 | 158.7 | 192.6 | – |
per 1 mol of | 216.24 | 158.7 | 192.6 | – |
| 360.40 | 264.4 | 321.1 | – | |
per 1 mol of | 360.40 | 264.4 | 321.1 | – |
Changes in aqueous solution (2)
- Reaction of lead(II) chloride and nitric acid◆
ΔrG 844.8 kJ/mol K 0.99 × 10−148 pK 148.00
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | – | 844.8 | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | 169.0 | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | 140.8 | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | 169.0 | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | 169.0 | – | – |
| – | 281.6 | – | – | |
per 1 mol of | – | 281.6 | – | – |
Thermodynamic data of reactants
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PbCl2 (cr) | -359.41[1] | -314.10[1] | 136.0[1] | – |
| PbCl2 (ai) | -336.0[1] | -286.86[1] | 123.4[1] | – |
| PbCl2 (ao) | – | -297.16[1] | – | – |
| HNO3 (l) | -174.10[1] | -80.71[1] | 155.60[1] | 109.87[1] |
| HNO3 (g) | -135.06[1] | -74.72[1] | 266.38[1] | 53.35[1] |
| HNO3 (ai) | -207.36[1] | -111.25[1] | 146.4[1] | -86.6[1] |
| HNO3 (l) 1 hydrate | -473.46[1] | -328.77[1] | 216.90[1] | 182.46[1] |
| HNO3 (l) 3 hydrate | -1056.04[1] | -811.09[1] | 346.98[1] | 325.14[1] |
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution, (l):Liquid, (g):Gas
Thermodynamic data of products
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PbO2 (cr) | -277.4[1] | -217.33[1] | 68.6[1] | 64.64[1] |
| Cl2O (g) | 80.3[1] | 97.9[1] | 266.21[1] | 45.40[1] |
| (g) | 0[1] | 0[1] | 191.61[1] | 29.125[1] |
| H2O (cr) | – | – | – | – |
| H2O (l) | -285.830[1] | -237.129[1] | 69.91[1] | 75.291[1] |
| H2O (g) | -241.818[1] | -228.572[1] | 188.825[1] | 33.577[1] |
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (g):Gas, (l):Liquid
References
List of references
- 1Janiel J. Reed (1989)The NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties: Selected Values for Inorganic and C1 and C2 Organic Substances in SI UnitsNational Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
- ^ ΔfH°, -359.41 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -314.10 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 136.0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -336.0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -286.86 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 123.4 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -297.16 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -174.10 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -80.71 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 155.60 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 109.87 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -135.06 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -74.72 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 266.38 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 53.35 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -207.36 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -111.25 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 146.4 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, -86.6 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -473.46 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -328.77 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 216.90 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 182.46 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -1056.04 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -811.09 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 346.98 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 325.14 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -277.4 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -217.33 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 68.6 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 64.64 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 80.3 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 97.9 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 266.21 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 45.40 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 191.61 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 29.125 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -285.830 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -237.129 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 69.91 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 75.291 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -241.818 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -228.572 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 188.825 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 33.577 J · K−1 · mol−1