5MnCl2 + 10KMnO4 + 4H+ → 15MnO2 + 4ClO2↑ + 6KCl + 4K+ + 2H2O
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- Reaction of manganese(II) chloride and potassium permanganate under acidic condition
- 5MnCl2Manganese(II) chloride + 10KMnO4Potassium permanganate + 4H+Hydrogen ion15MnO2Manganese(IV) oxide + 4ClO2↑Chlorine dioxide + 6KClPotassium chloride + 4K+Potassium ion + 2H2OWater⟶
The reaction of manganese(II) chloride, potassium permanganate, and hydrogen ion yields manganese(IV) oxide, chlorine dioxide, potassium chloride, potassium ion, and water (Other reactions are here). This reaction is an oxidation-reduction reaction and is classified as follows:
Table of contents
Reaction data
Chemical equation
- Reaction of manganese(II) chloride and potassium permanganate under acidic condition
- 5MnCl2Manganese(II) chloride + 10KMnO4Potassium permanganate + 4H+Hydrogen ion15MnO2Manganese(IV) oxide + 4ClO2↑Chlorine dioxide + 6KClPotassium chloride + 4K+Potassium ion + 2H2OWater⟶
General equation
- Reaction of oxidizable species and oxidizing species under acidic condition
- Oxidizable speciesReducing agent + Oxidizing speciesOxidizing agent + H+Non-redox agent ⟶ ProductOxidation product + ProductReduction product + H2ONon-redox product
Oxidation state of each atom
- Reaction of manganese(II) chloride and potassium permanganate under acidic condition
Reactants
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| MnCl2 | Manganese(II) chloride | 5 | Reducing | Oxidizable |
| KMnO4 | Potassium permanganate | 10 | Oxidizing | Oxidizing under acidic condition |
| H+ | Hydrogen ion | 4 | – | Hydrogen ion |
Products
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| MnO2 | Manganese(IV) oxide | 15 | Redoxed product | – |
| ClO2 | Chlorine dioxide | 4 | Oxidized | – |
| KCl | Potassium chloride | 6 | – | – |
| K+ | Potassium ion | 4 | – | – |
| H2O | Water | 2 | – | Water |
Thermodynamic changes
Changes in standard condition (1)
- Reaction of manganese(II) chloride and potassium permanganate under acidic condition◆
ΔrG −830.4 kJ/mol K 3.02 × 10145 pK −145.48
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | −775.6 | −830.4 | 195.4 | 2242 |
per 1 mol of | −155.1 | −166.1 | 39.08 | 448.4 |
per 1 mol of | −77.56 | −83.04 | 19.54 | 224.2 |
per 1 mol of Hydrogen ion | −193.9 | −207.6 | 48.85 | 560.5 |
per 1 mol of | −51.71 | −55.36 | 13.03 | 149.5 |
per 1 mol of | −193.9 | −207.6 | 48.85 | 560.5 |
per 1 mol of | −129.3 | −138.4 | 32.57 | 373.7 |
per 1 mol of Potassium ion | −193.9 | −207.6 | 48.85 | 560.5 |
per 1 mol of | −387.8 | −415.2 | 97.70 | 1121 |
Changes in standard condition (2)
- Reaction of manganese(II) chloride and potassium permanganate under acidic condition◆
ΔrG −832.0 kJ/mol K 5.76 × 10145 pK −145.76
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | −886.0 | −832.0 | −172.7 | – |
per 1 mol of | −177.2 | −166.4 | −34.54 | – |
per 1 mol of | −88.60 | −83.20 | −17.27 | – |
per 1 mol of Hydrogen ion | −221.5 | −208.0 | −43.17 | – |
per 1 mol of | −59.07 | −55.47 | −11.51 | – |
per 1 mol of | −221.5 | −208.0 | −43.17 | – |
per 1 mol of | −147.7 | −138.7 | −28.78 | – |
per 1 mol of Potassium ion | −221.5 | −208.0 | −43.17 | – |
per 1 mol of | −443.0 | −416.0 | −86.35 | – |
Changes in standard condition (3)
- Reaction of manganese(II) chloride and potassium permanganate under acidic condition◆
ΔrG −824.4 kJ/mol K 2.68 × 10144 pK −144.43
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | – | −824.4 | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | −164.9 | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | −82.44 | – | – |
per 1 mol of Hydrogen ion | – | −206.1 | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | −54.96 | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | −206.1 | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | −137.4 | – | – |
per 1 mol of Potassium ion | – | −206.1 | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | −412.2 | – | – |
Changes in standard condition (4)
- Reaction of manganese(II) chloride and potassium permanganate under acidic condition◆
ΔrG −826.0 kJ/mol K 5.12 × 10144 pK −144.71
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | – | −826.0 | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | −165.2 | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | −82.60 | – | – |
per 1 mol of Hydrogen ion | – | −206.5 | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | −55.07 | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | −206.5 | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | −137.7 | – | – |
per 1 mol of Potassium ion | – | −206.5 | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | −413.0 | – | – |
Thermodynamic data of reactants
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| MnCl2 (cr) | -481.29[1] | -440.50[1] | 118.24[1] | 72.93[1] |
| MnCl2 (g) | -263.6[1] | – | – | – |
| MnCl2 (ai) | -555.05[1] | -490.8[1] | 38.9[1] | -222[1] |
| MnCl2 (ao) | – | -492.0[1] | – | – |
| MnCl2 (cr) 1 hydrate | -789.9[1] | -696.1[1] | 174.1[1] | – |
| MnCl2 (cr) 2 hydrate | -1092.0[1] | -942.1[1] | 218.8[1] | – |
| MnCl2 (cr) 4 hydrate | -1687.4[1] | -1423.6[1] | 303.3[1] | – |
| KMnO4 (cr) | -837.2[1] | -737.6[1] | 171.71[1] | 117.57[1] |
| KMnO4 (ai) | -793.8[1] | -730.5[1] | 293.7[1] | -60.2[1] |
| H+ (g) | 1536.202[1] | – | – | – |
| H+ (ao) | 0[1] | 0[1] | 0[1] | 0[1] |
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (g):Gas, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution
Thermodynamic data of products
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| MnO2 (cr) | -520.03[1] | -465.14[1] | 53.05[1] | 54.14[1] |
| MnO2 (am) precipitated | -502.5[1] | – | – | – |
| ClO2 (g) | 102.5[1] | 120.5[1] | 256.84[1] | 41.97[1] |
| ClO2 (ao) | 74.9[1] | 120.1[1] | 164.8[1] | – |
| KCl (cr) | -436.747[1] | -409.14[1] | 82.59[1] | 51.30[1] |
| KCl (g) | -214.14[1] | -233.0[1] | 239.10[1] | 36.48[1] |
| KCl (ai) | -419.53[1] | -414.49[1] | 159.0[1] | -114.6[1] |
| K+ (g) | 514.26[1] | – | – | – |
| K+ (ao) | -252.38[1] | -283.27[1] | 102.5[1] | 21.8[1] |
| H2O (cr) | – | – | – | – |
| H2O (l) | -285.830[1] | -237.129[1] | 69.91[1] | 75.291[1] |
| H2O (g) | -241.818[1] | -228.572[1] | 188.825[1] | 33.577[1] |
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (am):Amorphous solid, (g):Gas, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (l):Liquid
References
List of references
- 1Janiel J. Reed (1989)The NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties: Selected Values for Inorganic and C1 and C2 Organic Substances in SI UnitsNational Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
- ^ ΔfH°, -481.29 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -440.50 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 118.24 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 72.93 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -263.6 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -555.05 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -490.8 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 38.9 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, -222. J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -492.0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -789.9 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -696.1 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 174.1 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -1092.0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -942.1 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 218.8 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -1687.4 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -1423.6 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 303.3 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -837.2 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -737.6 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 171.71 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 117.57 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -793.8 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -730.5 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 293.7 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, -60.2 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 1536.202 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -520.03 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -465.14 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 53.05 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 54.14 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -502.5 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 102.5 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 120.5 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 256.84 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 41.97 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 74.9 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 120.1 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 164.8 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -436.747 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -409.14 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 82.59 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 51.30 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -214.14 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -233.0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 239.10 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 36.48 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -419.53 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -414.49 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 159.0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, -114.6 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 514.26 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -252.38 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -283.27 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 102.5 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 21.8 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -285.830 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -237.129 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 69.91 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 75.291 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -241.818 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -228.572 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 188.825 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 33.577 J · K−1 · mol−1