5MnCl2 + 12HNO3 🔥→ 5MnO2 + 10ClO2↑ + 6N2↑ + 6H2O
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- Reaction of manganese(II) chloride and nitric acid
- 5MnCl2Manganese(II) chloride + 12HNO3Nitric acid5MnO2Manganese(IV) oxide + 10ClO2↑Chlorine dioxide + 6↑ + 6H2OWater🔥⟶
The reaction of manganese(II) chloride and nitric acid yields manganese(IV) oxide, chlorine dioxide, , and water (Other reactions are here). This reaction is an oxidation-reduction reaction and is classified as follows:
Table of contents
Reaction data
Chemical equation
- Reaction of manganese(II) chloride and nitric acid
- 5MnCl2Manganese(II) chloride + 12HNO3Nitric acid5MnO2Manganese(IV) oxide + 10ClO2↑Chlorine dioxide + 6↑ + 6H2OWater🔥⟶
General equation
- Reaction of oxidizable species and oxidizing species
- Oxidizable speciesReducing agent + Oxidizing speciesOxidizing agent ⟶ ProductOxidation product + ProductReduction product
Oxidation state of each atom
- Reaction of manganese(II) chloride and nitric acid
Reactants
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| MnCl2 | Manganese(II) chloride | 5 | Reducing | Oxidizable |
| HNO3 | Nitric acid | 12 | Oxidizing | Oxidizing |
Products
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| MnO2 | Manganese(IV) oxide | 5 | Oxidized | – |
| ClO2 | Chlorine dioxide | 10 | Oxidized | – |
| 6 | Reduced | – | ||
| H2O | Water | 6 | – | – |
Thermodynamic changes
Changes in standard condition (1)
- Reaction of manganese(II) chloride and nitric acid◆
ΔrG 627.5 kJ/mol K 0.12 × 10−109 pK 109.93
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 1205.5 | 627.5 | 1944.37 | −366.19 |
per 1 mol of | 241.10 | 125.5 | 388.874 | −73.238 |
per 1 mol of | 100.46 | 52.29 | 162.031 | −30.516 |
per 1 mol of | 241.10 | 125.5 | 388.874 | −73.238 |
per 1 mol of | 120.55 | 62.75 | 194.437 | −36.619 |
| 200.92 | 104.6 | 324.062 | −61.032 | |
per 1 mol of | 200.92 | 104.6 | 324.062 | −61.032 |
Changes in standard condition (2)
- Reaction of manganese(II) chloride and nitric acid
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 1293.2 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | 258.64 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | 107.77 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | 258.64 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | 129.32 | – | – | – |
| 215.53 | – | – | – | |
per 1 mol of | 215.53 | – | – | – |
Changes in aqueous solution (1)
- Reaction of manganese(II) chloride and nitric acid◆
ΔrG 1245.5 kJ/mol K 0.63 × 10−218 pK 218.20
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 1973.4 | 1245.5 | 2451.5 | 3466 |
per 1 mol of | 394.68 | 249.10 | 490.30 | 693.2 |
per 1 mol of | 164.45 | 103.79 | 204.29 | 288.8 |
per 1 mol of | 394.68 | 249.10 | 490.30 | 693.2 |
per 1 mol of | 197.34 | 124.55 | 245.15 | 346.6 |
| 328.90 | 207.58 | 408.58 | 577.7 | |
per 1 mol of | 328.90 | 207.58 | 408.58 | 577.7 |
Changes in aqueous solution (2)
- Reaction of manganese(II) chloride and nitric acid◆
ΔrG 1241.5 kJ/mol K 0.32 × 10−217 pK 217.50
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 1697.4 | 1241.5 | 1531.1 | – |
per 1 mol of | 339.48 | 248.30 | 306.22 | – |
per 1 mol of | 141.45 | 103.46 | 127.59 | – |
per 1 mol of | 339.48 | 248.30 | 306.22 | – |
per 1 mol of | 169.74 | 124.15 | 153.11 | – |
| 282.90 | 206.92 | 255.18 | – | |
per 1 mol of | 282.90 | 206.92 | 255.18 | – |
Changes in aqueous solution (3)
- Reaction of manganese(II) chloride and nitric acid◆
ΔrG 1251.5 kJ/mol K 0.56 × 10−219 pK 219.25
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | – | 1251.5 | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | 250.30 | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | 104.29 | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | 250.30 | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | 125.15 | – | – |
| – | 208.58 | – | – | |
per 1 mol of | – | 208.58 | – | – |
Changes in aqueous solution (4)
- Reaction of manganese(II) chloride and nitric acid◆
ΔrG 1247.5 kJ/mol K 0.28 × 10−218 pK 218.55
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | – | 1247.5 | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | 249.50 | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | 103.96 | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | 249.50 | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | 124.75 | – | – |
| – | 207.92 | – | – | |
per 1 mol of | – | 207.92 | – | – |
Thermodynamic data of reactants
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| MnCl2 (cr) | -481.29[1] | -440.50[1] | 118.24[1] | 72.93[1] |
| MnCl2 (g) | -263.6[1] | – | – | – |
| MnCl2 (ai) | -555.05[1] | -490.8[1] | 38.9[1] | -222[1] |
| MnCl2 (ao) | – | -492.0[1] | – | – |
| MnCl2 (cr) 1 hydrate | -789.9[1] | -696.1[1] | 174.1[1] | – |
| MnCl2 (cr) 2 hydrate | -1092.0[1] | -942.1[1] | 218.8[1] | – |
| MnCl2 (cr) 4 hydrate | -1687.4[1] | -1423.6[1] | 303.3[1] | – |
| HNO3 (l) | -174.10[1] | -80.71[1] | 155.60[1] | 109.87[1] |
| HNO3 (g) | -135.06[1] | -74.72[1] | 266.38[1] | 53.35[1] |
| HNO3 (ai) | -207.36[1] | -111.25[1] | 146.4[1] | -86.6[1] |
| HNO3 (l) 1 hydrate | -473.46[1] | -328.77[1] | 216.90[1] | 182.46[1] |
| HNO3 (l) 3 hydrate | -1056.04[1] | -811.09[1] | 346.98[1] | 325.14[1] |
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (g):Gas, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution, (l):Liquid
Thermodynamic data of products
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| MnO2 (cr) | -520.03[1] | -465.14[1] | 53.05[1] | 54.14[1] |
| MnO2 (am) precipitated | -502.5[1] | – | – | – |
| ClO2 (g) | 102.5[1] | 120.5[1] | 256.84[1] | 41.97[1] |
| ClO2 (ao) | 74.9[1] | 120.1[1] | 164.8[1] | – |
| (g) | 0[1] | 0[1] | 191.61[1] | 29.125[1] |
| H2O (cr) | – | – | – | – |
| H2O (l) | -285.830[1] | -237.129[1] | 69.91[1] | 75.291[1] |
| H2O (g) | -241.818[1] | -228.572[1] | 188.825[1] | 33.577[1] |
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (am):Amorphous solid, (g):Gas, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution, (l):Liquid
References
List of references
- 1Janiel J. Reed (1989)The NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties: Selected Values for Inorganic and C1 and C2 Organic Substances in SI UnitsNational Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
- ^ ΔfH°, -481.29 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -440.50 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 118.24 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 72.93 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -263.6 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -555.05 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -490.8 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 38.9 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, -222. J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -492.0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -789.9 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -696.1 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 174.1 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -1092.0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -942.1 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 218.8 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -1687.4 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -1423.6 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 303.3 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -174.10 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -80.71 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 155.60 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 109.87 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -135.06 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -74.72 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 266.38 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 53.35 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -207.36 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -111.25 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 146.4 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, -86.6 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -473.46 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -328.77 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 216.90 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 182.46 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -1056.04 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -811.09 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 346.98 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 325.14 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -520.03 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -465.14 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 53.05 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 54.14 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -502.5 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 102.5 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 120.5 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 256.84 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 41.97 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 74.9 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 120.1 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 164.8 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 191.61 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 29.125 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -285.830 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -237.129 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 69.91 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 75.291 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -241.818 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -228.572 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 188.825 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 33.577 J · K−1 · mol−1