5Hg2Cl2 + 2HNO3 + 20H+ 🔥→ 10Hg2+ + N2↑ + 10HCl↑ + 6H2O
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- Reaction of mercury(I) chloride and nitric acid under acidic condition
- 5Hg2Cl2Mercury(I) chloride + 2HNO3Nitric acid + 20H+Hydrogen ion10Hg2+Mercury(II) ion + ↑ + 10HCl↑Hydrogen chloride + 6H2OWater🔥⟶
The reaction of mercury(I) chloride, nitric acid, and hydrogen ion yields mercury(II) ion, , hydrogen chloride, and water (Other reactions are here). This reaction is an oxidation-reduction reaction and is classified as follows:
Table of contents
Reaction data
Chemical equation
- Reaction of mercury(I) chloride and nitric acid under acidic condition
- 5Hg2Cl2Mercury(I) chloride + 2HNO3Nitric acid + 20H+Hydrogen ion10Hg2+Mercury(II) ion + ↑ + 10HCl↑Hydrogen chloride + 6H2OWater🔥⟶
General equation
- Reaction of oxidizable species and oxidizing species under acidic condition
- Oxidizable speciesReducing agent + Oxidizing speciesOxidizing agent + H+Non-redox agent ⟶ ProductOxidation product + ProductReduction product + H2ONon-redox product
Oxidation state of each atom
- Reaction of mercury(I) chloride and nitric acid under acidic condition
Reactants
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hg2Cl2 | Mercury(I) chloride | 5 | Reducing | Oxidizable |
| HNO3 | Nitric acid | 2 | Oxidizing | Oxidizing under acidic condition |
| H+ | Hydrogen ion | 20 | – | Hydrogen ion |
Products
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hg2+ | Mercury(II) ion | 10 | Oxidized | – |
| 1 | Reduced | – | ||
| HCl | Hydrogen chloride | 10 | – | – |
| H2O | Water | 6 | – | Water |
Thermodynamic changes
Changes in standard condition (1)
- Reaction of mercury(I) chloride and nitric acid under acidic condition◆
ΔrG 544.46 kJ/mol K 0.41 × 10−95 pK 95.39
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 813.8 | 544.46 | 902.9 | – |
per 1 mol of | 162.8 | 108.89 | 180.6 | – |
per 1 mol of | 406.9 | 272.23 | 451.4 | – |
per 1 mol of Hydrogen ion | 40.69 | 27.223 | 45.14 | – |
per 1 mol of Mercury(II) ion | 81.38 | 54.446 | 90.29 | – |
| 813.8 | 544.46 | 902.9 | – | |
per 1 mol of | 81.38 | 54.446 | 90.29 | – |
per 1 mol of | 135.6 | 90.743 | 150.5 | – |
Changes in standard condition (2)
- Reaction of mercury(I) chloride and nitric acid under acidic condition◆
ΔrG 185.17 kJ/mol K 0.36 × 10−32 pK 32.44
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 65.2 | 185.17 | −401.2 | – |
per 1 mol of | 13.0 | 37.034 | −80.24 | – |
per 1 mol of | 32.6 | 92.585 | −200.6 | – |
per 1 mol of Hydrogen ion | 3.26 | 9.2585 | −20.06 | – |
per 1 mol of Mercury(II) ion | 6.52 | 18.517 | −40.12 | – |
| 65.2 | 185.17 | −401.2 | – | |
per 1 mol of | 6.52 | 18.517 | −40.12 | – |
per 1 mol of | 10.9 | 30.862 | −66.87 | – |
Thermodynamic data of reactants
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hg2Cl2 (cr) | -265.22[1] | -210.745[1] | 192.5[1] | – |
| HNO3 (l) | -174.10[1] | -80.71[1] | 155.60[1] | 109.87[1] |
| HNO3 (g) | -135.06[1] | -74.72[1] | 266.38[1] | 53.35[1] |
| HNO3 (ai) | -207.36[1] | -111.25[1] | 146.4[1] | -86.6[1] |
| HNO3 (l) 1 hydrate | -473.46[1] | -328.77[1] | 216.90[1] | 182.46[1] |
| HNO3 (l) 3 hydrate | -1056.04[1] | -811.09[1] | 346.98[1] | 325.14[1] |
| H+ (g) | 1536.202[1] | – | – | – |
| H+ (ao) | 0[1] | 0[1] | 0[1] | 0[1] |
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (l):Liquid, (g):Gas, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution
Thermodynamic data of products
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hg2+ (g) | 2890.47[1] | – | – | – |
| Hg2+ (ao) | 171.1[1] | 164.40[1] | -32.2[1] | – |
| (g) | 0[1] | 0[1] | 191.61[1] | 29.125[1] |
| HCl (g) | -92.307[1] | -95.299[1] | 186.908[1] | 29.12[1] |
| HCl (ai) | -167.159[1] | -131.228[1] | 56.5[1] | -136.4[1] |
| H2O (cr) | – | – | – | – |
| H2O (l) | -285.830[1] | -237.129[1] | 69.91[1] | 75.291[1] |
| H2O (g) | -241.818[1] | -228.572[1] | 188.825[1] | 33.577[1] |
* (g):Gas, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (cr):Crystalline solid, (l):Liquid
References
List of references
- 1Janiel J. Reed (1989)The NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties: Selected Values for Inorganic and C1 and C2 Organic Substances in SI UnitsNational Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
- ^ ΔfH°, -265.22 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -210.745 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 192.5 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -174.10 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -80.71 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 155.60 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 109.87 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -135.06 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -74.72 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 266.38 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 53.35 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -207.36 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -111.25 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 146.4 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, -86.6 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -473.46 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -328.77 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 216.90 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 182.46 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -1056.04 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -811.09 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 346.98 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 325.14 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 1536.202 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 2890.47 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 171.1 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 164.40 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, -32.2 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 191.61 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 29.125 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -92.307 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -95.299 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 186.908 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 29.12 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -167.159 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -131.228 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 56.5 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, -136.4 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -285.830 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -237.129 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 69.91 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 75.291 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -241.818 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -228.572 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 188.825 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 33.577 J · K−1 · mol−1