6Li[AlH4] + 16KMnO4 → 6LiOH + 16MnO2 + 3Al2O3 + 16KOH + H2O
Last updated:
The reaction of lithium tetrahydridoaluminate and potassium permanganate yields lithium hydroxide, manganese(IV) oxide, aluminium oxide, potassium hydroxide, and water (Other reactions are here). This reaction is an oxidation-reduction reaction and is classified as follows:
Table of contents
Reaction data
Chemical equation
- Reaction of lithium tetrahydridoaluminate and potassium permanganate
General equation
- Reaction of reducing species and oxidizing species
- Reducing speciesReducing agent + Oxidizing speciesOxidizing agent ⟶ ProductOxidation product + ProductReduction product
Oxidation state of each atom
- Reaction of lithium tetrahydridoaluminate and potassium permanganate
Reactants
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Li[AlH4] | Lithium tetrahydridoaluminate | 6 | Reducing | Reducing |
| KMnO4 | Potassium permanganate | 16 | Oxidizing | Oxidizing |
Products
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LiOH | Lithium hydroxide | 6 | Oxidized | – |
| MnO2 | Manganese(IV) oxide | 16 | Reduced | – |
| Al2O3 | Aluminium oxide | 3 | – | – |
| KOH | Potassium hydroxide | 16 | Oxidized | – |
| H2O | Water | 1 | Oxidized | – |
Thermodynamic changes
Changes in standard condition (1)
- Reaction of lithium tetrahydridoaluminate and potassium permanganate◆
ΔrG −9055.4 kJ/mol K 2.74 × 101586 pK −1586.44
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | −9246.2 | −9055.4 | −629.1 | 134.8 |
per 1 mol of | −1541.0 | −1509.2 | −104.9 | 22.47 |
per 1 mol of | −577.89 | −565.96 | −39.32 | 8.425 |
per 1 mol of | −1541.0 | −1509.2 | −104.9 | 22.47 |
per 1 mol of | −577.89 | −565.96 | −39.32 | 8.425 |
per 1 mol of | −3082.1 | −3018.5 | −209.7 | 44.93 |
per 1 mol of | −577.89 | −565.96 | −39.32 | 8.425 |
per 1 mol of | −9246.2 | −9055.4 | −629.1 | 134.8 |
Changes in standard condition (2)
- Reaction of lithium tetrahydridoaluminate and potassium permanganate
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | −9218.6 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −1536.4 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −576.16 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −1536.4 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −576.16 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −3072.9 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −576.16 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −9218.6 | – | – | – |
Changes in standard condition (3)
- Reaction of lithium tetrahydridoaluminate and potassium permanganate
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | −9190 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −1532 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −574.4 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −1532 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −574.4 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −3063 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −574.4 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −9190 | – | – | – |
Changes in standard condition (4)
- Reaction of lithium tetrahydridoaluminate and potassium permanganate
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | −9206.0 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −1534.3 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −575.38 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −1534.3 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −575.38 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −3068.7 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −575.38 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −9206.0 | – | – | – |
Changes in standard condition (5)
- Reaction of lithium tetrahydridoaluminate and potassium permanganate
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | −9189.8 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −1531.6 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −574.36 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −1531.6 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −574.36 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −3063.3 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −574.36 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −9189.8 | – | – | – |
Changes in standard condition (6)
- Reaction of lithium tetrahydridoaluminate and potassium permanganate
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | −9115 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −1519 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −569.7 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −1519 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −569.7 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −3038 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −569.7 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −9115 | – | – | – |
Changes in standard condition (7)
- Reaction of lithium tetrahydridoaluminate and potassium permanganate
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | −8965.7 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −1494.3 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −560.36 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −1494.3 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −560.36 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −2988.6 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −560.36 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −8965.7 | – | – | – |
Changes in standard condition (8)
- Reaction of lithium tetrahydridoaluminate and potassium permanganate
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | −8938.1 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −1489.7 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −558.63 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −1489.7 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −558.63 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −2979.4 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −558.63 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −8938.1 | – | – | – |
Changes in standard condition (9)
- Reaction of lithium tetrahydridoaluminate and potassium permanganate
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | −8910 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −1485 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −556.9 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −1485 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −556.9 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −2970 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −556.9 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −8910 | – | – | – |
Changes in standard condition (10)
- Reaction of lithium tetrahydridoaluminate and potassium permanganate
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | −8925.5 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −1487.6 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −557.84 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −1487.6 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −557.84 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −2975.2 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −557.84 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −8925.5 | – | – | – |
Changes in standard condition (11)
- Reaction of lithium tetrahydridoaluminate and potassium permanganate
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | −8909.3 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −1484.9 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −556.83 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −1484.9 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −556.83 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −2969.8 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −556.83 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −8909.3 | – | – | – |
Changes in standard condition (12)
- Reaction of lithium tetrahydridoaluminate and potassium permanganate
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | −8835 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −1473 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −552.2 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −1473 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −552.2 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −2945 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −552.2 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −8835 | – | – | – |
Changes in aqueous solution (1)
- Reaction of lithium tetrahydridoaluminate and potassium permanganate◆
ΔrG −10221.5 kJ/mol K 5.36 × 101790 pK −1790.73
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | −11003.6 | −10221.5 | −2617.8 | −865.4 |
per 1 mol of | −1833.93 | −1703.58 | −436.30 | −144.2 |
per 1 mol of | −687.725 | −638.844 | −163.61 | −54.09 |
per 1 mol of | −1833.93 | −1703.58 | −436.30 | −144.2 |
per 1 mol of | −687.725 | −638.844 | −163.61 | −54.09 |
per 1 mol of | −3667.87 | −3407.17 | −872.60 | −288.5 |
per 1 mol of | −687.725 | −638.844 | −163.61 | −54.09 |
per 1 mol of | −11003.6 | −10221.5 | −2617.8 | −865.4 |
Changes in aqueous solution (2)
- Reaction of lithium tetrahydridoaluminate and potassium permanganate◆
ΔrG −10228.9 kJ/mol K 1.06 × 101792 pK −1792.03
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | −11003.1 | −10228.9 | −2592.0 | – |
per 1 mol of | −1833.85 | −1704.82 | −432.00 | – |
per 1 mol of | −687.694 | −639.306 | −162.00 | – |
per 1 mol of | −1833.85 | −1704.82 | −432.00 | – |
per 1 mol of | −687.694 | −639.306 | −162.00 | – |
per 1 mol of | −3667.70 | −3409.63 | −864.00 | – |
per 1 mol of | −687.694 | −639.306 | −162.00 | – |
per 1 mol of | −11003.1 | −10228.9 | −2592.0 | – |
Thermodynamic data of reactants
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Li[AlH4] (cr) | -116.3[1] | -44.7[1] | 78.74[1] | 83.18[1] |
| KMnO4 (cr) | -837.2[1] | -737.6[1] | 171.71[1] | 117.57[1] |
| KMnO4 (ai) | -793.8[1] | -730.5[1] | 293.7[1] | -60.2[1] |
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution
Thermodynamic data of products
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LiOH (cr) | -484.93[1] | -438.95[1] | 42.80[1] | 49.66[1] |
| LiOH (g) | -238.1[1] | -242.3[1] | 210.90[1] | 46.02[1] |
| LiOH (ai) | -508.48[1] | -450.58[1] | 2.80[1] | -79.9[1] |
| LiOH (ao) | -508.4[1] | -451.8[1] | 7.1[1] | – |
| LiOH (cr) 1 hydrate | -788.01[1] | -680.95[1] | 71.21[1] | 79.50[1] |
| MnO2 (cr) | -520.03[1] | -465.14[1] | 53.05[1] | 54.14[1] |
| MnO2 (am) precipitated | -502.5[1] | – | – | – |
| Al2O3 (cr) α, corundum | -1675.7[1] | -1582.3[1] | 50.92[1] | 79.04[1] |
| Al2O3 (cr) δ | -1666.5[1] | – | – | – |
| Al2O3 (cr) ρ | -1657[1] | – | – | – |
| Al2O3 (cr) κ | -1662.3[1] | – | – | – |
| Al2O3 (cr) γ | -1656.9[1] | – | – | – |
| Al2O3 (am) | -1632[1] | – | – | – |
| Al2O3 (cr) 1 hydrate | -1998.91[1] | -1841.78[1] | 70.67[1] | 106.19[1] |
| Al2O3 (cr) 3 hydrate | -2576.5[1] | – | – | – |
| KOH (cr) | -424.764[1] | -379.08[1] | 78.9[1] | 64.9[1] |
| KOH (g) | -231.0[1] | -232.6[1] | 238.3[1] | 49.20[1] |
| KOH (ai) | -482.37[1] | -440.50[1] | 91.6[1] | -126.8[1] |
| KOH (cr) 1 hydrate | -748.9[1] | -645.1[1] | 117.2[1] | – |
| KOH (cr) 2 hydrate | -1051.0[1] | -887.3[1] | 150.6[1] | – |
| H2O (cr) | – | – | – | – |
| H2O (l) | -285.830[1] | -237.129[1] | 69.91[1] | 75.291[1] |
| H2O (g) | -241.818[1] | -228.572[1] | 188.825[1] | 33.577[1] |
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (g):Gas, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution, (am):Amorphous solid, (l):Liquid
References
List of references
- 1Janiel J. Reed (1989)The NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties: Selected Values for Inorganic and C1 and C2 Organic Substances in SI UnitsNational Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
- ^ ΔfH°, -116.3 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -44.7 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 78.74 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 83.18 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -837.2 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -737.6 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 171.71 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 117.57 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -793.8 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -730.5 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 293.7 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, -60.2 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -484.93 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -438.95 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 42.80 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 49.66 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -238.1 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -242.3 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 210.90 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 46.02 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -508.48 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -450.58 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 2.80 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, -79.9 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -508.4 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -451.8 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 7.1 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -788.01 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -680.95 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 71.21 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 79.50 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -520.03 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -465.14 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 53.05 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 54.14 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -502.5 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -1675.7 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -1582.3 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 50.92 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 79.04 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -1666.5 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -1657. kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -1662.3 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -1656.9 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -1632. kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -1998.91 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -1841.78 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 70.67 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 106.19 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -2576.5 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -424.764 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -379.08 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 78.9 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 64.9 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -231.0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -232.6 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 238.3 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 49.20 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -482.37 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -440.50 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 91.6 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, -126.8 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -748.9 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -645.1 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 117.2 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -1051.0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -887.3 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 150.6 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -285.830 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -237.129 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 69.91 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 75.291 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -241.818 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -228.572 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 188.825 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 33.577 J · K−1 · mol−1