6NaCl + Cd(NO3)2 + 6H+ 🔥→ 6Na+ + 2Cl2↑ + 2HNO2 + CdCl2 + 2H2O
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- Reaction of sodium chloride and cadmium nitrate under acidic condition
- 6NaClSodium chloride + Cd(NO3)2Cadmium nitrate + 6H+Hydrogen ion6Na+Sodium ion + 2↑ + 2HNO2Nitrous acid + CdCl2Cadmium chloride + 2H2OWater🔥⟶
The reaction of sodium chloride, cadmium nitrate, and hydrogen ion yields sodium ion, , nitrous acid, cadmium chloride, and water (Other reactions are here). This reaction is an oxidation-reduction reaction and is classified as follows:
Table of contents
Reaction data
Chemical equation
- Reaction of sodium chloride and cadmium nitrate under acidic condition
- 6NaClSodium chloride + Cd(NO3)2Cadmium nitrate + 6H+Hydrogen ion6Na+Sodium ion + 2↑ + 2HNO2Nitrous acid + CdCl2Cadmium chloride + 2H2OWater🔥⟶
General equation
- Reaction of hardly oxidizable species and oxidizing species under acidic condition
- Hardly oxidizable speciesReducing agent + Oxidizing speciesOxidizing agent + H+Non-redox agent ⟶ ProductOxidation product + ProductReduction product + H2ONon-redox product
Oxidation state of each atom
- Reaction of sodium chloride and cadmium nitrate under acidic condition
Reactants
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NaCl | Sodium chloride | 6 | Reducing | Hardly oxidizable |
| Cd(NO3)2 | Cadmium nitrate | 1 | Oxidizing | Oxidizing under acidic condition |
| H+ | Hydrogen ion | 6 | – | Hydrogen ion |
Products
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Na+ | Sodium ion | 6 | – | – |
| 2 | Oxidized | – | ||
| HNO2 | Nitrous acid | 2 | Reduced | – |
| CdCl2 | Cadmium chloride | 1 | – | – |
| H2O | Water | 2 | – | Water |
Thermodynamic changes
Changes in standard condition (1)
- Reaction of sodium chloride and cadmium nitrate under acidic condition◆
ΔrG 172.0 kJ/mol K 0.74 × 10−30 pK 30.13
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 273.3 | 172.0 | 338.2 | – |
per 1 mol of | 45.55 | 28.67 | 56.37 | – |
per 1 mol of | 273.3 | 172.0 | 338.2 | – |
per 1 mol of Hydrogen ion | 45.55 | 28.67 | 56.37 | – |
per 1 mol of Sodium ion | 45.55 | 28.67 | 56.37 | – |
| 136.7 | 86.00 | 169.1 | – | |
per 1 mol of | 136.7 | 86.00 | 169.1 | – |
per 1 mol of | 273.3 | 172.0 | 338.2 | – |
per 1 mol of | 136.7 | 86.00 | 169.1 | – |
Changes in standard condition (2)
- Reaction of sodium chloride and cadmium nitrate under acidic condition◆
ΔrG 152.7 kJ/mol K 0.18 × 10−26 pK 26.75
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 278.5 | 152.7 | 420.3 | – |
per 1 mol of | 46.42 | 25.45 | 70.05 | – |
per 1 mol of | 278.5 | 152.7 | 420.3 | – |
per 1 mol of Hydrogen ion | 46.42 | 25.45 | 70.05 | – |
per 1 mol of Sodium ion | 46.42 | 25.45 | 70.05 | – |
| 139.3 | 76.35 | 210.2 | – | |
per 1 mol of | 139.3 | 76.35 | 210.2 | – |
per 1 mol of | 278.5 | 152.7 | 420.3 | – |
per 1 mol of | 139.3 | 76.35 | 210.2 | – |
Changes in standard condition (3)
- Reaction of sodium chloride and cadmium nitrate under acidic condition◆
ΔrG 185.8 kJ/mol K 0.28 × 10−32 pK 32.55
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 226.5 | 185.8 | 134 | – |
per 1 mol of | 37.75 | 30.97 | 22.3 | – |
per 1 mol of | 226.5 | 185.8 | 134 | – |
per 1 mol of Hydrogen ion | 37.75 | 30.97 | 22.3 | – |
per 1 mol of Sodium ion | 37.75 | 30.97 | 22.3 | – |
| 113.3 | 92.90 | 67.0 | – | |
per 1 mol of | 113.3 | 92.90 | 67.0 | – |
per 1 mol of | 226.5 | 185.8 | 134 | – |
per 1 mol of | 113.3 | 92.90 | 67.0 | – |
Changes in standard condition (4)
- Reaction of sodium chloride and cadmium nitrate under acidic condition◆
ΔrG 166.6 kJ/mol K 0.65 × 10−29 pK 29.19
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 231.7 | 166.6 | 216 | – |
per 1 mol of | 38.62 | 27.77 | 36.0 | – |
per 1 mol of | 231.7 | 166.6 | 216 | – |
per 1 mol of Hydrogen ion | 38.62 | 27.77 | 36.0 | – |
per 1 mol of Sodium ion | 38.62 | 27.77 | 36.0 | – |
| 115.8 | 83.30 | 108 | – | |
per 1 mol of | 115.8 | 83.30 | 108 | – |
per 1 mol of | 231.7 | 166.6 | 216 | – |
per 1 mol of | 115.8 | 83.30 | 108 | – |
Thermodynamic data of reactants
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NaCl (cr) | -411.153[1] | -384.138[1] | 72.13[1] | 50.50[1] |
| NaCl (g) | -176.65[1] | -196.66[1] | 229.81[1] | 35.77[1] |
| NaCl (ai) | -407.27[1] | -393.133[1] | 115.5[1] | -90.0[1] |
| Cd(NO3)2 (cr) | -456.31[1] | – | – | – |
| Cd(NO3)2 (ai) | -490.62[1] | -300.11[1] | 219.7[1] | – |
| Cd(NO3)2 (cr) 2 hydrate | -1055.62[1] | – | – | – |
| Cd(NO3)2 (cr) 4 hydrate | -1648.96[1] | – | – | – |
| H+ (g) | 1536.202[1] | – | – | – |
| H+ (ao) | 0[1] | 0[1] | 0[1] | 0[1] |
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (g):Gas, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution
Thermodynamic data of products
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Na+ (g) | 609.358[1] | – | – | – |
| Na+ (ao) | -240.12[1] | -261.905[1] | 59.0[1] | 46.4[1] |
| (g) | 0[1] | 0[1] | 223.066[1] | 33.907[1] |
| (ao) | -23.4[1] | 6.94[1] | 121[1] | – |
| HNO2 (g) cis | -77.99[1] | -42.94[1] | 248.76[1] | 44.77[1] |
| HNO2 (g) trans | -80.12[1] | -45.24[1] | 249.22[1] | 46.07[1] |
| HNO2 (g) | -79.5[1] | -46.0[1] | 254.1[1] | 45.6[1] |
| HNO2 (ao) | -119.2[1] | -50.6[1] | 135.6[1] | – |
| CdCl2 (cr) | -391.50[1] | -343.93[1] | 115.27[1] | 74.68[1] |
| CdCl2 (ai) | -410.20[1] | -340.068[1] | 39.7[1] | – |
| CdCl2 (ao) | -405.0[1] | -359.29[1] | 121.8[1] | – |
| CdCl2 (cr) 1 hydrate | -688.44[1] | -586.975[1] | 167.8[1] | – |
| CdCl2 (cr) 2.5 hydrate | -1131.94[1] | -943.939[1] | 227.2[1] | – |
| H2O (cr) | – | – | – | – |
| H2O (l) | -285.830[1] | -237.129[1] | 69.91[1] | 75.291[1] |
| H2O (g) | -241.818[1] | -228.572[1] | 188.825[1] | 33.577[1] |
* (g):Gas, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution, (cr):Crystalline solid, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (l):Liquid
References
List of references
- 1Janiel J. Reed (1989)The NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties: Selected Values for Inorganic and C1 and C2 Organic Substances in SI UnitsNational Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
- ^ ΔfH°, -411.153 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -384.138 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 72.13 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 50.50 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -176.65 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -196.66 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 229.81 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 35.77 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -407.27 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -393.133 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 115.5 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, -90.0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -456.31 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -490.62 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -300.11 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 219.7 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -1055.62 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -1648.96 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 1536.202 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 609.358 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -240.12 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -261.905 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 59.0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 46.4 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 223.066 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 33.907 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -23.4 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 6.94 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 121. J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -77.99 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -42.94 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 248.76 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 44.77 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -80.12 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -45.24 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 249.22 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 46.07 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -79.5 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -46.0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 254.1 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 45.6 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -119.2 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -50.6 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 135.6 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -391.50 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -343.93 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 115.27 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 74.68 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -410.20 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -340.068 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 39.7 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -405.0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -359.29 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 121.8 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -688.44 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -586.975 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 167.8 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -1131.94 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -943.939 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 227.2 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -285.830 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -237.129 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 69.91 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 75.291 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -241.818 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -228.572 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 188.825 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 33.577 J · K−1 · mol−1