79NaCl + 57CsClO4 + 136H+ 🔥→ 79Na+ + 64HClO3 + 36Cl2↑ + 57Cs+ + 36H2O
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- Reaction of sodium chloride and caesium perchlorate under acidic condition
- 79NaClSodium chloride + 57CsClO4Caesium perchlorate + 136H+Hydrogen ion79Na+Sodium ion + 64HClO3Chloric acid + 36↑ + 57Cs+Caesium ion + 36H2OWater🔥⟶
The reaction of sodium chloride, caesium perchlorate, and hydrogen ion yields sodium ion, chloric acid, , caesium ion, and water (Other reactions are here). This reaction is an oxidation-reduction reaction and is classified as follows:
Table of contents
Reaction data
Chemical equation
- Reaction of sodium chloride and caesium perchlorate under acidic condition
- 79NaClSodium chloride + 57CsClO4Caesium perchlorate + 136H+Hydrogen ion79Na+Sodium ion + 64HClO3Chloric acid + 36↑ + 57Cs+Caesium ion + 36H2OWater🔥⟶
General equation
- Reaction of hardly oxidizable species and oxidizing species under acidic condition
- Hardly oxidizable speciesReducing agent + Oxidizing speciesOxidizing agent + H+Non-redox agent ⟶ ProductOxidation product + ProductReduction product + H2ONon-redox product
Oxidation state of each atom
- Reaction of sodium chloride and caesium perchlorate under acidic condition
Reactants
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NaCl | Sodium chloride | 79 | Reducing | Hardly oxidizable |
| CsClO4 | Caesium perchlorate | 57 | Oxidizing | Oxidizing under acidic condition |
| H+ | Hydrogen ion | 136 | – | Hydrogen ion |
Products
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Na+ | Sodium ion | 79 | – | – |
| HClO3 | Chloric acid | 64 | Redoxed product | – |
| 36 | Oxidized | – | ||
| Cs+ | Caesium ion | 57 | – | – |
| H2O | Water | 36 | – | Water |
Thermodynamic changes
Changes in standard condition (1)
- Reaction of sodium chloride and caesium perchlorate under acidic condition◆
ΔrG 1807.21 kJ/mol K 0.25 × 10−316 pK 316.61
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 3632.70 | 1807.21 | 6094.0 | – |
per 1 mol of | 45.9835 | 22.8761 | 77.139 | – |
per 1 mol of | 63.7316 | 31.7054 | 106.91 | – |
per 1 mol of Hydrogen ion | 26.7110 | 13.2883 | 44.809 | – |
per 1 mol of Sodium ion | 45.9835 | 22.8761 | 77.139 | – |
per 1 mol of | 56.7609 | 28.2377 | 95.219 | – |
| 100.908 | 50.2003 | 169.28 | – | |
per 1 mol of Caesium ion | 63.7316 | 31.7054 | 106.91 | – |
per 1 mol of | 100.908 | 50.2003 | 169.28 | – |
Changes in standard condition (2)
- Reaction of sodium chloride and caesium perchlorate under acidic condition◆
ΔrG 2057.05 kJ/mol K 0.42 × 10−360 pK 360.38
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 2790.3 | 2057.05 | 2420 | – |
per 1 mol of | 35.320 | 26.0386 | 30.63 | – |
per 1 mol of | 48.953 | 36.0886 | 42.46 | – |
per 1 mol of Hydrogen ion | 20.517 | 15.1254 | 17.79 | – |
per 1 mol of Sodium ion | 35.320 | 26.0386 | 30.63 | – |
per 1 mol of | 43.598 | 32.1414 | 37.81 | – |
| 77.508 | 57.1403 | 67.22 | – | |
per 1 mol of Caesium ion | 48.953 | 36.0886 | 42.46 | – |
per 1 mol of | 77.508 | 57.1403 | 67.22 | – |
Thermodynamic data of reactants
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NaCl (cr) | -411.153[1] | -384.138[1] | 72.13[1] | 50.50[1] |
| NaCl (g) | -176.65[1] | -196.66[1] | 229.81[1] | 35.77[1] |
| NaCl (ai) | -407.27[1] | -393.133[1] | 115.5[1] | -90.0[1] |
| CsClO4 (cr) | -443.09[1] | -314.26[1] | 175.06[1] | 108.28[1] |
| CsClO4 (ai) | -387.61[1] | -300.54[1] | 315.1[1] | – |
| H+ (g) | 1536.202[1] | – | – | – |
| H+ (ao) | 0[1] | 0[1] | 0[1] | 0[1] |
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (g):Gas, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution
Thermodynamic data of products
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Na+ (g) | 609.358[1] | – | – | – |
| Na+ (ao) | -240.12[1] | -261.905[1] | 59.0[1] | 46.4[1] |
| HClO3 (ai) | -103.97[1] | -7.95[1] | 162.3[1] | – |
| (g) | 0[1] | 0[1] | 223.066[1] | 33.907[1] |
| (ao) | -23.4[1] | 6.94[1] | 121[1] | – |
| Cs+ (g) | 457.964[1] | – | – | – |
| Cs+ (ao) | -258.28[1] | -292.02[1] | 133.05[1] | -10.5[1] |
| H2O (cr) | – | – | – | – |
| H2O (l) | -285.830[1] | -237.129[1] | 69.91[1] | 75.291[1] |
| H2O (g) | -241.818[1] | -228.572[1] | 188.825[1] | 33.577[1] |
* (g):Gas, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (cr):Crystalline solid, (l):Liquid
References
List of references
- 1Janiel J. Reed (1989)The NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties: Selected Values for Inorganic and C1 and C2 Organic Substances in SI UnitsNational Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
- ^ ΔfH°, -411.153 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -384.138 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 72.13 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 50.50 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -176.65 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -196.66 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 229.81 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 35.77 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -407.27 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -393.133 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 115.5 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, -90.0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -443.09 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -314.26 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 175.06 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 108.28 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -387.61 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -300.54 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 315.1 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 1536.202 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 609.358 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -240.12 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -261.905 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 59.0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 46.4 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -103.97 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -7.95 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 162.3 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 223.066 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 33.907 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -23.4 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 6.94 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 121. J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 457.964 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -258.28 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -292.02 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 133.05 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, -10.5 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -285.830 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -237.129 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 69.91 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 75.291 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -241.818 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -228.572 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 188.825 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 33.577 J · K−1 · mol−1