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Chemical reactions
7NH4HCO3 + 16e^− → 7NH3↑ + 6OH^− + 5CO3^2− + 2CH4↑

7NH₄HCO₃ + 16e⁻ → 7NH₃↑ + 6OH⁻ + 5CO₃²⁻ + 2CH₄↑

Last updated: June 13, 2022

Reduction of ammonium hydrogencarbonate: 7NH₄HCO₃Ammonium hydrogencarbonate + 16e⁻Electron
⟶
7NH₃↑Ammonia + 6OH⁻Hydroxide ion + 5CO₃²⁻Carbonate ion + 2CH₄↑Methane

Reduction of ammonium hydrogencarbonate yields ammonia, hydroxide ion, carbonate ion, and methane (Other reactions are here). This reaction is an oxidation-reduction reaction and is classified as follows:

Reduction of reducible species

Table of contents

Reaction data

Chemical equation

Reduction of ammonium hydrogencarbonate: 7NH₄HCO₃Ammonium hydrogencarbonate + 16e⁻Electron
⟶
7NH₃↑Ammonia + 6OH⁻Hydroxide ion + 5CO₃²⁻Carbonate ion + 2CH₄↑Methane

General equation

Reduction of reducible species: ReactantOxidizing agent + e⁻
⟶
ProductReduction product

Oxidation state of each atom

Reduction of ammonium hydrogencarbonate

Reactants

Chemical formula	Name	Coefficient	Type	Type in general equation
NH₄HCO₃	Ammonium hydrogencarbonate	7	Oxidizing	–
e⁻	Electron	16	–	Electron

Products

Chemical formula	Name	Coefficient	Type	Type in general equation
NH₃	Ammonia	7	–	–
OH⁻	Hydroxide ion	6	–	–
CO₃²⁻	Carbonate ion	5	–	–
CH₄	Methane	2	Reduced	–

Thermodynamic changes

Changes in standard condition (1)

Reduction of ammonium hydrogencarbonate ◆ Δ_rG 863.39 kJ/mol K 0.55 × 10⁻¹⁵¹ pK 151.26: 7NH₄HCO₃Ionized aqueous solution + 16e⁻
⟶
7NH₃↑Gas + 6OH⁻Un-ionized aqueous solution + 5CO₃²⁻Un-ionized aqueous solution + 2CH₄↑Gas

	Standard enthalpy of reaction Δ_rH° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard Gibbs energy of reaction Δ_rG° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard entropy of reaction Δ_rS° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹	Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure Δ_rC_p° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹
per 1 mol of Equation	533.45	863.39	−61.5	–
per 1 mol of Ammonium hydrogencarbonate	76.207	123.34	−8.79	–
per 1 mol of Electron	33.341	53.962	−3.84	–
per 1 mol of Ammonia	76.207	123.34	−8.79	–
per 1 mol of Hydroxide ion	88.908	143.90	−10.3	–
per 1 mol of Carbonate ion	106.69	172.68	−12.3	–
per 1 mol of Methane	266.73	431.69	−30.8	–

Changes in standard condition (2)

Reduction of ammonium hydrogencarbonate ◆ Δ_rG 896.17 kJ/mol K 0.99 × 10⁻¹⁵⁷ pK 157.00: 7NH₄HCO₃Ionized aqueous solution + 16e⁻
⟶
7NH₃↑Gas + 6OH⁻Un-ionized aqueous solution + 5CO₃²⁻Un-ionized aqueous solution + 2CH₄↑Un-ionized aqueous solution

	Standard enthalpy of reaction Δ_rH° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard Gibbs energy of reaction Δ_rG° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard entropy of reaction Δ_rS° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹	Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure Δ_rC_p° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹
per 1 mol of Equation	504.99	896.17	−266.7	–
per 1 mol of Ammonium hydrogencarbonate	72.141	128.02	−38.10	–
per 1 mol of Electron	31.562	56.011	−16.67	–
per 1 mol of Ammonia	72.141	128.02	−38.10	–
per 1 mol of Hydroxide ion	84.165	149.36	−44.45	–
per 1 mol of Carbonate ion	101.00	179.23	−53.34	–
per 1 mol of Methane	252.50	448.08	−133.3	–

Changes in standard condition (3)

Reduction of ammonium hydrogencarbonate ◆ Δ_rG 793.04 kJ/mol K 0.12 × 10⁻¹³⁸ pK 138.93: 7NH₄HCO₃Ionized aqueous solution + 16e⁻
⟶
7NH₃↑Un-ionized aqueous solution + 6OH⁻Un-ionized aqueous solution + 5CO₃²⁻Un-ionized aqueous solution + 2CH₄↑Gas

	Standard enthalpy of reaction Δ_rH° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard Gibbs energy of reaction Δ_rG° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard entropy of reaction Δ_rS° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹	Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure Δ_rC_p° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹
per 1 mol of Equation	294.19	793.04	−629.6	–
per 1 mol of Ammonium hydrogencarbonate	42.027	113.29	−89.94	–
per 1 mol of Electron	18.387	49.565	−39.35	–
per 1 mol of Ammonia	42.027	113.29	−89.94	–
per 1 mol of Hydroxide ion	49.032	132.17	−104.9	–
per 1 mol of Carbonate ion	58.838	158.61	−125.9	–
per 1 mol of Methane	147.09	396.52	−314.8	–

Changes in standard condition (4)

Reduction of ammonium hydrogencarbonate ◆ Δ_rG 825.82 kJ/mol K 0.21 × 10⁻¹⁴⁴ pK 144.68: 7NH₄HCO₃Ionized aqueous solution + 16e⁻
⟶
7NH₃↑Un-ionized aqueous solution + 6OH⁻Un-ionized aqueous solution + 5CO₃²⁻Un-ionized aqueous solution + 2CH₄↑Un-ionized aqueous solution

	Standard enthalpy of reaction Δ_rH° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard Gibbs energy of reaction Δ_rG° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard entropy of reaction Δ_rS° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹	Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure Δ_rC_p° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹
per 1 mol of Equation	265.73	825.82	−834.7	–
per 1 mol of Ammonium hydrogencarbonate	37.961	117.97	−119.2	–
per 1 mol of Electron	16.608	51.614	−52.17	–
per 1 mol of Ammonia	37.961	117.97	−119.2	–
per 1 mol of Hydroxide ion	44.288	137.64	−139.1	–
per 1 mol of Carbonate ion	53.146	165.16	−166.9	–
per 1 mol of Methane	132.87	412.91	−417.4	–

Changes in standard condition (5)

Reduction of ammonium hydrogencarbonate: 7NH₄HCO₃Aqueous solution + 16e⁻
⟶
7NH₃↑Gas + 6OH⁻Un-ionized aqueous solution + 5CO₃²⁻Un-ionized aqueous solution + 2CH₄↑Gas

	Standard enthalpy of reaction Δ_rH° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard Gibbs energy of reaction Δ_rG° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard entropy of reaction Δ_rS° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹	Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure Δ_rC_p° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹
per 1 mol of Equation	513.8	–	–	–
per 1 mol of Ammonium hydrogencarbonate	73.40	–	–	–
per 1 mol of Electron	32.11	–	–	–
per 1 mol of Ammonia	73.40	–	–	–
per 1 mol of Hydroxide ion	85.63	–	–	–
per 1 mol of Carbonate ion	102.8	–	–	–
per 1 mol of Methane	256.9	–	–	–

Changes in standard condition (6)

Reduction of ammonium hydrogencarbonate: 7NH₄HCO₃Aqueous solution + 16e⁻
⟶
7NH₃↑Gas + 6OH⁻Un-ionized aqueous solution + 5CO₃²⁻Un-ionized aqueous solution + 2CH₄↑Un-ionized aqueous solution

	Standard enthalpy of reaction Δ_rH° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard Gibbs energy of reaction Δ_rG° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard entropy of reaction Δ_rS° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹	Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure Δ_rC_p° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹
per 1 mol of Equation	485.4	–	–	–
per 1 mol of Ammonium hydrogencarbonate	69.34	–	–	–
per 1 mol of Electron	30.34	–	–	–
per 1 mol of Ammonia	69.34	–	–	–
per 1 mol of Hydroxide ion	80.90	–	–	–
per 1 mol of Carbonate ion	97.08	–	–	–
per 1 mol of Methane	242.7	–	–	–

Changes in standard condition (7)

Reduction of ammonium hydrogencarbonate: 7NH₄HCO₃Aqueous solution + 16e⁻
⟶
7NH₃↑Un-ionized aqueous solution + 6OH⁻Un-ionized aqueous solution + 5CO₃²⁻Un-ionized aqueous solution + 2CH₄↑Gas

	Standard enthalpy of reaction Δ_rH° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard Gibbs energy of reaction Δ_rG° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard entropy of reaction Δ_rS° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹	Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure Δ_rC_p° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹
per 1 mol of Equation	274.6	–	–	–
per 1 mol of Ammonium hydrogencarbonate	39.23	–	–	–
per 1 mol of Electron	17.16	–	–	–
per 1 mol of Ammonia	39.23	–	–	–
per 1 mol of Hydroxide ion	45.77	–	–	–
per 1 mol of Carbonate ion	54.92	–	–	–
per 1 mol of Methane	137.3	–	–	–

Changes in standard condition (8)

Reduction of ammonium hydrogencarbonate: 7NH₄HCO₃Aqueous solution + 16e⁻
⟶
7NH₃↑Un-ionized aqueous solution + 6OH⁻Un-ionized aqueous solution + 5CO₃²⁻Un-ionized aqueous solution + 2CH₄↑Un-ionized aqueous solution

	Standard enthalpy of reaction Δ_rH° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard Gibbs energy of reaction Δ_rG° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard entropy of reaction Δ_rS° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹	Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure Δ_rC_p° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹
per 1 mol of Equation	246.1	–	–	–
per 1 mol of Ammonium hydrogencarbonate	35.16	–	–	–
per 1 mol of Electron	15.38	–	–	–
per 1 mol of Ammonia	35.16	–	–	–
per 1 mol of Hydroxide ion	41.02	–	–	–
per 1 mol of Carbonate ion	49.22	–	–	–
per 1 mol of Methane	123.0	–	–	–

Thermodynamic data of reactants

Chemical formula	Standard enthalpy of formation Δ_fH° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard Gibbs energy of formation Δ_fG° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard molar entropy S° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹	Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure C_p° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹
NH₄HCO₃ (cr)	-849.4^[1]	-665.9^[1]	120.9^[1]	–
NH₄HCO₃ (ai)	-824.50^[1]	-666.07^[1]	204.6^[1]	–
NH₄HCO₃ (aq)	-821.7^[1]	–	–	–
e⁻	–	–	–	–

* (cr):Crystalline solid, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (aq):Aqueous solution

Thermodynamic data of products

Chemical formula	Standard enthalpy of formation Δ_fH° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard Gibbs energy of formation Δ_fG° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard molar entropy S° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹	Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure C_p° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹
NH₃ (g)	-46.11^[1]	-16.45^[1]	192.45^[1]	35.06^[1]
NH₃ (ao)	-80.29^[1]	-26.50^[1]	111.3^[1]	–
OH⁻ (g)	-143.5^[1]	–	–	–
OH⁻ (ao)	-229.994^[1]	-157.244^[1]	-10.75^[1]	-148.5^[1]
CO₃²⁻ (ao)	-677.14^[1]	-527.81^[1]	-56.9^[1]	–
CH₄ (g)	-74.81^[1]	-50.72^[1]	186.264^[1]	35.309^[1]
CH₄ (ao)	-89.04^[1]	-34.33^[1]	83.7^[1]	–

* (g):Gas, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution

References

List of references

1
Janiel J. Reed (1989)
The NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties: Selected Values for Inorganic and C1 and C2 Organic Substances in SI Units
https://doi.org/10.18434/M32124
National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
Citation list

Δ_rG	863.39 kJ/mol
K	0.55 × 10⁻¹⁵¹
pK	151.26

Δ_rG	896.17 kJ/mol
K	0.99 × 10⁻¹⁵⁷
pK	157.00

Δ_rG	793.04 kJ/mol
K	0.12 × 10⁻¹³⁸
pK	138.93

Δ_rG	825.82 kJ/mol
K	0.21 × 10⁻¹⁴⁴
pK	144.68

7NH4HCO3 + 16e− → 7NH3↑ + 6OH− + 5CO32− + 2CH4↑

Reaction data

Chemical equation

General equation

Oxidation state of each atom

Reactants

Products

Thermodynamic changes

Changes in standard condition (1)

Changes in standard condition (2)

Changes in standard condition (3)

Changes in standard condition (4)

Changes in standard condition (5)

Changes in standard condition (6)

Changes in standard condition (7)

Changes in standard condition (8)

Thermodynamic data of reactants

Thermodynamic data of products

References

List of references

Related reactions

Reactions with same reactants

Related categories

Type of reaction

General equation

Reactant

Product

7NH₄HCO₃ + 16e⁻ → 7NH₃↑ + 6OH⁻ + 5CO₃²⁻ + 2CH₄↑