7CaCl2 + 2KMnO4 + 16H+ ๐ฅโ 7Ca2+ + 5Cl2โ + 2MnCl2 + 2K+ + 8H2O
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- Reaction of calcium chloride and potassium permanganate under acidic condition
- 7CaCl2Calcium chloride + 2KMnO4Potassium permanganate + 16H+Hydrogen ion7Ca2+Calcium ion + 5โ + 2MnCl2Manganese(II) chloride + 2K+Potassium ion + 8H2OWater๐ฅโถ
The reaction of calcium chloride, potassium permanganate, and hydrogen ion yields calcium ion, , manganese(II) chloride, potassium ion, and water (Other reactions are here). This reaction is an oxidation-reduction reaction and is classified as follows:
Table of contents
Reaction data
Chemical equation
- Reaction of calcium chloride and potassium permanganate under acidic condition
- 7CaCl2Calcium chloride + 2KMnO4Potassium permanganate + 16H+Hydrogen ion7Ca2+Calcium ion + 5โ + 2MnCl2Manganese(II) chloride + 2K+Potassium ion + 8H2OWater๐ฅโถ
General equation
- Reaction of hardly oxidizable species and oxidizing species under acidic condition
- Hardly oxidizable speciesReducing agent + Oxidizing speciesOxidizing agent + H+Non-redox agent โถ ProductOxidation product + ProductReduction product + H2ONon-redox product
Oxidation state of each atom
- Reaction of calcium chloride and potassium permanganate under acidic condition
Reactants
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CaCl2 | Calcium chloride | 7 | Reducing | Hardly oxidizable |
| KMnO4 | Potassium permanganate | 2 | Oxidizing | Oxidizing under acidic condition |
| H+ | Hydrogen ion | 16 | โ | Hydrogen ion |
Products
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ca2+ | Calcium ion | 7 | โ | โ |
| 5 | Oxidized | โ | ||
| MnCl2 | Manganese(II) chloride | 2 | Reduced | โ |
| K+ | Potassium ion | 2 | โ | โ |
| H2O | Water | 8 | โ | Water |
Thermodynamic changes
Changes in standard condition (1)
- Reaction of calcium chloride and potassium permanganate under acidic conditionโ
ฮrG โ147.2 kJ/mol K 6.14 ร 1025 pK โ25.79
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ฮrHยฐ kJ ยท molโ1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ฮrGยฐ kJ ยท molโ1 | Standard entropy of reaction ฮrSยฐ J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ฮrCpยฐ J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 26.2 | โ147.2 | 579.7 | โ |
per 1 mol of | 3.74 | โ21.03 | 82.81 | โ |
per 1 mol of | 13.1 | โ73.60 | 289.9 | โ |
per 1 mol of Hydrogen ion | 1.64 | โ9.200 | 36.23 | โ |
per 1 mol of Calcium ion | 3.74 | โ21.03 | 82.81 | โ |
| 5.24 | โ29.44 | 115.9 | โ | |
per 1 mol of | 13.1 | โ73.60 | 289.9 | โ |
per 1 mol of Potassium ion | 13.1 | โ73.60 | 289.9 | โ |
per 1 mol of | 3.27 | โ18.40 | 72.46 | โ |
Changes in standard condition (2)
- Reaction of calcium chloride and potassium permanganate under acidic conditionโ
ฮrG โ149.6 kJ/mol K 1.62 ร 1026 pK โ26.21
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ฮrHยฐ kJ ยท molโ1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ฮrGยฐ kJ ยท molโ1 | Standard entropy of reaction ฮrSยฐ J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ฮrCpยฐ J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | โ | โ149.6 | โ | โ |
per 1 mol of | โ | โ21.37 | โ | โ |
per 1 mol of | โ | โ74.80 | โ | โ |
per 1 mol of Hydrogen ion | โ | โ9.350 | โ | โ |
per 1 mol of Calcium ion | โ | โ21.37 | โ | โ |
| โ | โ29.92 | โ | โ | |
per 1 mol of | โ | โ74.80 | โ | โ |
per 1 mol of Potassium ion | โ | โ74.80 | โ | โ |
per 1 mol of | โ | โ18.70 | โ | โ |
Changes in standard condition (3)
- Reaction of calcium chloride and potassium permanganate under acidic conditionโ
ฮrG โ112.5 kJ/mol K 5.12 ร 1019 pK โ19.71
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ฮrHยฐ kJ ยท molโ1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ฮrGยฐ kJ ยท molโ1 | Standard entropy of reaction ฮrSยฐ J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ฮrCpยฐ J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | โ90.8 | โ112.5 | 69 | โ |
per 1 mol of | โ13.0 | โ16.07 | 9.9 | โ |
per 1 mol of | โ45.4 | โ56.25 | 35 | โ |
per 1 mol of Hydrogen ion | โ5.67 | โ7.031 | 4.3 | โ |
per 1 mol of Calcium ion | โ13.0 | โ16.07 | 9.9 | โ |
| โ18.2 | โ22.50 | 14 | โ | |
per 1 mol of | โ45.4 | โ56.25 | 35 | โ |
per 1 mol of Potassium ion | โ45.4 | โ56.25 | 35 | โ |
per 1 mol of | โ11.3 | โ14.06 | 8.6 | โ |
Changes in standard condition (4)
- Reaction of calcium chloride and potassium permanganate under acidic conditionโ
ฮrG โ114.9 kJ/mol K 1.35 ร 1020 pK โ20.13
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ฮrHยฐ kJ ยท molโ1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ฮrGยฐ kJ ยท molโ1 | Standard entropy of reaction ฮrSยฐ J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ฮrCpยฐ J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | โ | โ114.9 | โ | โ |
per 1 mol of | โ | โ16.41 | โ | โ |
per 1 mol of | โ | โ57.45 | โ | โ |
per 1 mol of Hydrogen ion | โ | โ7.181 | โ | โ |
per 1 mol of Calcium ion | โ | โ16.41 | โ | โ |
| โ | โ22.98 | โ | โ | |
per 1 mol of | โ | โ57.45 | โ | โ |
per 1 mol of Potassium ion | โ | โ57.45 | โ | โ |
per 1 mol of | โ | โ14.36 | โ | โ |
Thermodynamic data of reactants
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ฮfHยฐ kJ ยท molโ1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ฮfGยฐ kJ ยท molโ1 | Standard molar entropy Sยฐ J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cpยฐ J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CaCl2 (cr) | -795.8[1] | -748.1[1] | 104.6[1] | 72.59[1] |
| CaCl2 (g) | -471.5[1] | -479.24[1] | 290.27[1] | 59.33[1] |
| CaCl2 (ai) | -877.13[1] | -816.01[1] | 59.8[1] | โ |
| CaCl2 (cr) 1 hydrate | -1109.2[1] | โ | โ | โ |
| CaCl2 (cr) 2 hydrate | -1402.9[1] | โ | โ | โ |
| CaCl2 (cr) 4 hydrate | -2009.6[1] | โ | โ | โ |
| CaCl2 (cr) 6 hydrate | -2607.9[1] | โ | โ | โ |
| KMnO4 (cr) | -837.2[1] | -737.6[1] | 171.71[1] | 117.57[1] |
| KMnO4 (ai) | -793.8[1] | -730.5[1] | 293.7[1] | -60.2[1] |
| H+ (g) | 1536.202[1] | โ | โ | โ |
| H+ (ao) | 0[1] | 0[1] | 0[1] | 0[1] |
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (g):Gas, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution
Thermodynamic data of products
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ฮfHยฐ kJ ยท molโ1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ฮfGยฐ kJ ยท molโ1 | Standard molar entropy Sยฐ J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cpยฐ J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ca2+ (g) | 1925.90[1] | โ | โ | โ |
| Ca2+ (ao) | -542.83[1] | -553.58[1] | -53.1[1] | โ |
| (g) | 0[1] | 0[1] | 223.066[1] | 33.907[1] |
| (ao) | -23.4[1] | 6.94[1] | 121[1] | โ |
| MnCl2 (cr) | -481.29[1] | -440.50[1] | 118.24[1] | 72.93[1] |
| MnCl2 (g) | -263.6[1] | โ | โ | โ |
| MnCl2 (ai) | -555.05[1] | -490.8[1] | 38.9[1] | -222[1] |
| MnCl2 (ao) | โ | -492.0[1] | โ | โ |
| MnCl2 (cr) 1 hydrate | -789.9[1] | -696.1[1] | 174.1[1] | โ |
| MnCl2 (cr) 2 hydrate | -1092.0[1] | -942.1[1] | 218.8[1] | โ |
| MnCl2 (cr) 4 hydrate | -1687.4[1] | -1423.6[1] | 303.3[1] | โ |
| K+ (g) | 514.26[1] | โ | โ | โ |
| K+ (ao) | -252.38[1] | -283.27[1] | 102.5[1] | 21.8[1] |
| H2O (cr) | โ | โ | โ | โ |
| H2O (l) | -285.830[1] | -237.129[1] | 69.91[1] | 75.291[1] |
| H2O (g) | -241.818[1] | -228.572[1] | 188.825[1] | 33.577[1] |
* (g):Gas, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution, (cr):Crystalline solid, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (l):Liquid
References
List of references
- 1Janiel J. Reed (1989)The NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties: Selected Values for Inorganic and C1 and C2 Organic Substances in SI UnitsNational Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
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- ^ ฮfGยฐ, -748.1 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ Sยฐ, 104.6 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ Cpยฐ, 72.59 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfHยฐ, -471.5 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfGยฐ, -479.24 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ Sยฐ, 290.27 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ Cpยฐ, 59.33 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfHยฐ, -877.13 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfGยฐ, -816.01 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ Sยฐ, 59.8 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfHยฐ, -1109.2 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfHยฐ, -1402.9 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfHยฐ, -2009.6 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfHยฐ, -2607.9 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfHยฐ, -837.2 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfGยฐ, -737.6 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ Sยฐ, 171.71 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ Cpยฐ, 117.57 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfHยฐ, -793.8 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfGยฐ, -730.5 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ Sยฐ, 293.7 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ Cpยฐ, -60.2 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfHยฐ, 1536.202 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfHยฐ, 0 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfGยฐ, 0 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ Sยฐ, 0 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ Cpยฐ, 0 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfHยฐ, 1925.90 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfHยฐ, -542.83 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfGยฐ, -553.58 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ Sยฐ, -53.1 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfHยฐ, 0 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfGยฐ, 0 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ Sยฐ, 223.066 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ Cpยฐ, 33.907 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfHยฐ, -23.4 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfGยฐ, 6.94 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ Sยฐ, 121. J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfHยฐ, -481.29 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfGยฐ, -440.50 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ Sยฐ, 118.24 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ Cpยฐ, 72.93 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfHยฐ, -263.6 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfHยฐ, -555.05 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfGยฐ, -490.8 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ Sยฐ, 38.9 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ Cpยฐ, -222. J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfGยฐ, -492.0 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfHยฐ, -789.9 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfGยฐ, -696.1 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ Sยฐ, 174.1 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfHยฐ, -1092.0 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfGยฐ, -942.1 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ Sยฐ, 218.8 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfHยฐ, -1687.4 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfGยฐ, -1423.6 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ Sยฐ, 303.3 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfHยฐ, 514.26 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfHยฐ, -252.38 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfGยฐ, -283.27 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ Sยฐ, 102.5 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ Cpยฐ, 21.8 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfHยฐ, -285.830 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfGยฐ, -237.129 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ Sยฐ, 69.91 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ Cpยฐ, 75.291 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfHยฐ, -241.818 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfGยฐ, -228.572 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ Sยฐ, 188.825 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ Cpยฐ, 33.577 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1