7Cu + 2NaClO4 + 8H2O ๐ฅโ 7Cu(OH)2 + Cl2โ + 2NaOH
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- Reaction of and sodium perchlorate under neutral condition
- 7 + 2NaClO4Sodium perchlorate + 8H2OWater7Cu(OH)2Copper(II) hydroxide + โ + 2NaOHSodium hydroxide๐ฅโถ
The reaction of , sodium perchlorate, and water yields copper(II) hydroxide, , and sodium hydroxide (Other reactions are here). This reaction is an oxidation-reduction reaction and is classified as follows:
Table of contents
Reaction data
Chemical equation
- Reaction of and sodium perchlorate under neutral condition
- 7 + 2NaClO4Sodium perchlorate + 8H2OWater7Cu(OH)2Copper(II) hydroxide + โ + 2NaOHSodium hydroxide๐ฅโถ
General equation
- Reaction of oxidizable species and oxidizing species under neutral condition
- Oxidizable speciesReducing agent + Oxidizing speciesOxidizing agent + H2ONon-redox agent โถ ProductOxidation product + ProductReduction product
Oxidation state of each atom
- Reaction of and sodium perchlorate under neutral condition
Reactants
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 7 | Reducing | Oxidizable | ||
| NaClO4 | Sodium perchlorate | 2 | Oxidizing | Oxidizing |
| H2O | Water | 8 | โ | Water |
Products
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cu(OH)2 | Copper(II) hydroxide | 7 | Oxidized | โ |
| 1 | Reduced | โ | ||
| NaOH | Sodium hydroxide | 2 | โ | โ |
Thermodynamic changes
Changes in standard condition
- Reaction of and sodium perchlorate under neutral condition
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ฮrHยฐ kJ ยท molโ1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ฮrGยฐ kJ ยท molโ1 | Standard entropy of reaction ฮrSยฐ J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ฮrCpยฐ J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | โ946.6 | โ | โ | โ |
| โ135.2 | โ | โ | โ | |
per 1 mol of | โ473.3 | โ | โ | โ |
per 1 mol of | โ118.3 | โ | โ | โ |
per 1 mol of | โ135.2 | โ | โ | โ |
| โ946.6 | โ | โ | โ | |
per 1 mol of | โ473.3 | โ | โ | โ |
Changes in aqueous solution (1)
- Reaction of and sodium perchlorate under neutral conditionโ
ฮrG โ143.52 kJ/mol K 1.39 ร 1025 pK โ25.14
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ฮrHยฐ kJ ยท molโ1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ฮrGยฐ kJ ยท molโ1 | Standard entropy of reaction ฮrSยฐ J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ฮrCpยฐ J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | โ681.23 | โ143.52 | โ1800.4 | โ |
| โ97.319 | โ20.503 | โ257.20 | โ | |
per 1 mol of | โ340.62 | โ71.760 | โ900.20 | โ |
per 1 mol of | โ85.154 | โ17.940 | โ225.05 | โ |
per 1 mol of | โ97.319 | โ20.503 | โ257.20 | โ |
| โ681.23 | โ143.52 | โ1800.4 | โ | |
per 1 mol of | โ340.62 | โ71.760 | โ900.20 | โ |
Changes in aqueous solution (2)
- Reaction of and sodium perchlorate under neutral conditionโ
ฮrG โ136.58 kJ/mol K 8.47 ร 1023 pK โ23.93
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ฮrHยฐ kJ ยท molโ1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ฮrGยฐ kJ ยท molโ1 | Standard entropy of reaction ฮrSยฐ J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ฮrCpยฐ J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | โ704.6 | โ136.58 | โ1902 | โ |
| โ100.7 | โ19.511 | โ271.7 | โ | |
per 1 mol of | โ352.3 | โ68.290 | โ951.0 | โ |
per 1 mol of | โ88.08 | โ17.073 | โ237.8 | โ |
per 1 mol of | โ100.7 | โ19.511 | โ271.7 | โ |
| โ704.6 | โ136.58 | โ1902 | โ | |
per 1 mol of | โ352.3 | โ68.290 | โ951.0 | โ |
Thermodynamic data of reactants
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ฮfHยฐ kJ ยท molโ1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ฮfGยฐ kJ ยท molโ1 | Standard molar entropy Sยฐ J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cpยฐ J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (cr) | 0[1] | 0[1] | 33.150[1] | 24.435[1] |
| (g) | 338.32[1] | 298.58[1] | 166.38[1] | 20.786[1] |
| NaClO4 (cr) | -383.30[1] | -254.85[1] | 142.3[1] | โ |
| NaClO4 (ai) | -369.45[1] | -270.41[1] | 241.0[1] | โ |
| NaClO4 (cr) 1 hydrate | -677.77[1] | -494.29[1] | 190.8[1] | โ |
| H2O (cr) | โ | โ | โ | โ |
| H2O (l) | -285.830[1] | -237.129[1] | 69.91[1] | 75.291[1] |
| H2O (g) | -241.818[1] | -228.572[1] | 188.825[1] | 33.577[1] |
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (g):Gas, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (l):Liquid
Thermodynamic data of products
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ฮfHยฐ kJ ยท molโ1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ฮfGยฐ kJ ยท molโ1 | Standard molar entropy Sยฐ J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cpยฐ J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cu(OH)2 (cr) | -449.8[1] | โ | โ | โ |
| Cu(OH)2 (ai) | -395.22[1] | -249.01[1] | -120.9[1] | โ |
| (g) | 0[1] | 0[1] | 223.066[1] | 33.907[1] |
| (ao) | -23.4[1] | 6.94[1] | 121[1] | โ |
| NaOH (cr) | -425.609[1] | -379.494[1] | 64.455[1] | 59.54[1] |
| NaOH (g) | -207.1[1] | -210.0[1] | 228.43[1] | 48.37[1] |
| NaOH (ai) | -470.114[1] | -419.150[1] | 48.1[1] | -102.1[1] |
| NaOH (cr) 1 hydrate | -734.543[1] | -629.338[1] | 99.50[1] | 90.17[1] |
| NaOH (l) 2 hydrate | -1019.076[1] | -873.091[1] | 195.979[1] | 239.41[1] |
| NaOH (l) 3.5 hydrate | -1459.798[1] | -1236.356[1] | 286.089[1] | 354.43[1] |
| NaOH (l) 4 hydrate | -1605.15[1] | -1356.64[1] | 318.70[1] | โ |
| NaOH (l) 5 hydrate | -1894.31[1] | -1596.34[1] | 386.06[1] | โ |
| NaOH (l) 7 hydrate | -2469.02[1] | -2073.80[1] | 526.31[1] | โ |
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (g):Gas, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution, (l):Liquid
References
List of references
- 1Janiel J. Reed (1989)The NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties: Selected Values for Inorganic and C1 and C2 Organic Substances in SI UnitsNational Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
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- ^ ฮfGยฐ, 0 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ Sยฐ, 33.150 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ Cpยฐ, 24.435 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfHยฐ, 338.32 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfGยฐ, 298.58 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ Sยฐ, 166.38 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ Cpยฐ, 20.786 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfHยฐ, -383.30 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfGยฐ, -254.85 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ Sยฐ, 142.3 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfHยฐ, -369.45 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfGยฐ, -270.41 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ Sยฐ, 241.0 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfHยฐ, -677.77 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfGยฐ, -494.29 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ Sยฐ, 190.8 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfHยฐ, -285.830 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfGยฐ, -237.129 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ Sยฐ, 69.91 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ Cpยฐ, 75.291 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfHยฐ, -241.818 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfGยฐ, -228.572 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ Sยฐ, 188.825 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ Cpยฐ, 33.577 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfHยฐ, -449.8 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfHยฐ, -395.22 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfGยฐ, -249.01 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ Sยฐ, -120.9 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfHยฐ, 0 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfGยฐ, 0 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ Sยฐ, 223.066 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ Cpยฐ, 33.907 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfHยฐ, -23.4 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfGยฐ, 6.94 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ Sยฐ, 121. J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfHยฐ, -425.609 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfGยฐ, -379.494 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ Sยฐ, 64.455 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ Cpยฐ, 59.54 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfHยฐ, -207.1 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfGยฐ, -210.0 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ Sยฐ, 228.43 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ Cpยฐ, 48.37 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfHยฐ, -470.114 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfGยฐ, -419.150 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ Sยฐ, 48.1 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ Cpยฐ, -102.1 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfHยฐ, -734.543 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfGยฐ, -629.338 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ Sยฐ, 99.50 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ Cpยฐ, 90.17 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfHยฐ, -1019.076 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfGยฐ, -873.091 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ Sยฐ, 195.979 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ Cpยฐ, 239.41 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfHยฐ, -1459.798 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfGยฐ, -1236.356 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ Sยฐ, 286.089 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ Cpยฐ, 354.43 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfHยฐ, -1605.15 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfGยฐ, -1356.64 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ Sยฐ, 318.70 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfHยฐ, -1894.31 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfGยฐ, -1596.34 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ Sยฐ, 386.06 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfHยฐ, -2469.02 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfGยฐ, -2073.80 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ Sยฐ, 526.31 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1