7HCl + Cd(NO3)2 + H+ 🔥→ 3Cl2 + 2NO + CdCl+ + 4H2O
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- Reaction of hydrogen chloride and cadmium nitrate under acidic condition
- 7HClHydrogen chloride + Cd(NO3)2Cadmium nitrate + H+Hydrogen ion3 + 2NONitrogen monoxide + CdCl+Cadmium chloride ion + 4H2OWater🔥⟶
The reaction of hydrogen chloride, cadmium nitrate, and hydrogen ion yields , nitrogen monoxide, cadmium chloride ion, and water (Other reactions are here). This reaction is an oxidation-reduction reaction and is classified as follows:
Table of contents
Reaction data
Chemical equation
- Reaction of hydrogen chloride and cadmium nitrate under acidic condition
- 7HClHydrogen chloride + Cd(NO3)2Cadmium nitrate + H+Hydrogen ion3 + 2NONitrogen monoxide + CdCl+Cadmium chloride ion + 4H2OWater🔥⟶
General equation
- Reaction of hardly oxidizable species and oxidizing species under acidic condition
- Hardly oxidizable speciesReducing agent + Oxidizing speciesOxidizing agent + H+Non-redox agent ⟶ ProductOxidation product + ProductReduction product + H2ONon-redox product
Oxidation state of each atom
- Reaction of hydrogen chloride and cadmium nitrate under acidic condition
Reactants
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HCl | Hydrogen chloride | 7 | Reducing | Hardly oxidizable |
| Cd(NO3)2 | Cadmium nitrate | 1 | Oxidizing | Oxidizing under acidic condition |
| H+ | Hydrogen ion | 1 | – | Hydrogen ion |
Products
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3 | Oxidized | – | ||
| NO | Nitrogen monoxide | 2 | Reduced | – |
| CdCl+ | Cadmium chloride ion | 1 | – | – |
| H2O | Water | 4 | – | Water |
Thermodynamic changes
Changes in standard condition (1)
- Reaction of hydrogen chloride and cadmium nitrate under acidic condition◆
ΔrG 218.90 kJ/mol K 0.45 × 10−38 pK 38.35
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 457.3 | 218.90 | 798.7 | – |
per 1 mol of | 65.33 | 31.271 | 114.1 | – |
per 1 mol of | 457.3 | 218.90 | 798.7 | – |
per 1 mol of Hydrogen ion | 457.3 | 218.90 | 798.7 | – |
| 152.4 | 72.967 | 266.2 | – | |
per 1 mol of | 228.7 | 109.45 | 399.4 | – |
per 1 mol of Cadmium chloride ion | 457.3 | 218.90 | 798.7 | – |
per 1 mol of | 114.3 | 54.725 | 199.7 | – |
Changes in standard condition (2)
- Reaction of hydrogen chloride and cadmium nitrate under acidic condition◆
ΔrG 239.72 kJ/mol K 0.10 × 10−41 pK 42.00
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 387.1 | 239.72 | 492 | – |
per 1 mol of | 55.30 | 34.246 | 70.3 | – |
per 1 mol of | 387.1 | 239.72 | 492 | – |
per 1 mol of Hydrogen ion | 387.1 | 239.72 | 492 | – |
| 129.0 | 79.907 | 164 | – | |
per 1 mol of | 193.6 | 119.86 | 246 | – |
per 1 mol of Cadmium chloride ion | 387.1 | 239.72 | 492 | – |
per 1 mol of | 96.78 | 59.930 | 123 | – |
Thermodynamic data of reactants
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HCl (g) | -92.307[1] | -95.299[1] | 186.908[1] | 29.12[1] |
| HCl (ai) | -167.159[1] | -131.228[1] | 56.5[1] | -136.4[1] |
| Cd(NO3)2 (cr) | -456.31[1] | – | – | – |
| Cd(NO3)2 (ai) | -490.62[1] | -300.11[1] | 219.7[1] | – |
| Cd(NO3)2 (cr) 2 hydrate | -1055.62[1] | – | – | – |
| Cd(NO3)2 (cr) 4 hydrate | -1648.96[1] | – | – | – |
| H+ (g) | 1536.202[1] | – | – | – |
| H+ (ao) | 0[1] | 0[1] | 0[1] | 0[1] |
* (g):Gas, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (cr):Crystalline solid, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution
Thermodynamic data of products
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (g) | 0[1] | 0[1] | 223.066[1] | 33.907[1] |
| (ao) | -23.4[1] | 6.94[1] | 121[1] | – |
| NO (g) | 90.25[1] | 86.55[1] | 210.761[1] | 29.844[1] |
| CdCl+ (ao) | -240.6[1] | -224.39[1] | 43.5[1] | – |
| H2O (cr) | – | – | – | – |
| H2O (l) | -285.830[1] | -237.129[1] | 69.91[1] | 75.291[1] |
| H2O (g) | -241.818[1] | -228.572[1] | 188.825[1] | 33.577[1] |
* (g):Gas, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution, (cr):Crystalline solid, (l):Liquid
References
List of references
- 1Janiel J. Reed (1989)The NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties: Selected Values for Inorganic and C1 and C2 Organic Substances in SI UnitsNational Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
- ^ ΔfH°, -92.307 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -95.299 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 186.908 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 29.12 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -167.159 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -131.228 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 56.5 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, -136.4 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -456.31 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -490.62 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -300.11 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 219.7 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -1055.62 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -1648.96 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 1536.202 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 223.066 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 33.907 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -23.4 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 6.94 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 121. J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 90.25 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 86.55 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 210.761 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 29.844 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -240.6 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -224.39 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 43.5 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -285.830 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -237.129 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 69.91 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 75.291 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -241.818 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -228.572 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 188.825 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 33.577 J · K−1 · mol−1