7NaCl + 8HClO4 🔥→ 7NaClO4 + 4Cl2↑ + 4H2O
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- Reaction of sodium chloride and perchloric acid
The reaction of sodium chloride and perchloric acid yields sodium perchlorate, , and water (Other reactions are here). This reaction is an oxidation-reduction reaction and is classified as follows:
Table of contents
Reaction data
Chemical equation
- Reaction of sodium chloride and perchloric acid
General equation
- Reaction of hardly oxidizable species and oxidizing species
- Hardly oxidizable speciesReducing agent + Oxidizing speciesOxidizing agent ⟶ ProductOxidation product + ProductReduction product
Oxidation state of each atom
- Reaction of sodium chloride and perchloric acid
Reactants
Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
---|---|---|---|---|
NaCl | Sodium chloride | 7 | Reducing | Hardly oxidizable |
HClO4 | Perchloric acid | 8 | Oxidizing | Oxidizing |
Products
Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
---|---|---|---|---|
NaClO4 | Sodium perchlorate | 7 | – | – |
4 | Redoxed product | – | ||
H2O | Water | 4 | – | – |
Thermodynamic changes
Changes in standard condition
- Reaction of sodium chloride and perchloric acid
Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | −623.71 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −89.101 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −77.964 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −89.101 | – | – | – |
−155.93 | – | – | – | |
per 1 mol of | −155.93 | – | – | – |
Changes in aqueous solution (1)
- Reaction of sodium chloride and perchloric acid◆
ΔrG −21.30 kJ/mol K 5.39 × 103 pK −3.73
Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 156.06 | −21.30 | 594.4 | – |
per 1 mol of | 22.294 | −3.043 | 84.91 | – |
per 1 mol of | 19.508 | −2.663 | 74.30 | – |
per 1 mol of | 22.294 | −3.043 | 84.91 | – |
39.015 | −5.325 | 148.6 | – | |
per 1 mol of | 39.015 | −5.325 | 148.6 | – |
Changes in aqueous solution (2)
- Reaction of sodium chloride and perchloric acid◆
ΔrG 6.47 kJ/mol K 0.74 × 10−1 pK 1.13
Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 62.5 | 6.47 | 186 | – |
per 1 mol of | 8.93 | 0.924 | 26.6 | – |
per 1 mol of | 7.81 | 0.809 | 23.3 | – |
per 1 mol of | 8.93 | 0.924 | 26.6 | – |
15.6 | 1.62 | 46.5 | – | |
per 1 mol of | 15.6 | 1.62 | 46.5 | – |
Thermodynamic data of reactants
Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
---|---|---|---|---|
NaCl (cr) | -411.153[1] | -384.138[1] | 72.13[1] | 50.50[1] |
NaCl (g) | -176.65[1] | -196.66[1] | 229.81[1] | 35.77[1] |
NaCl (ai) | -407.27[1] | -393.133[1] | 115.5[1] | -90.0[1] |
HClO4 (l) | -40.58[1] | – | – | – |
HClO4 (ai) | -129.33[1] | -8.52[1] | 182.0[1] | – |
HClO4 (cr) 1 hydrate | -382.21[1] | – | – | – |
HClO4 (l) 2 hydrate | -677.98[1] | – | – | – |
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (g):Gas, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (l):Liquid
Thermodynamic data of products
Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
---|---|---|---|---|
NaClO4 (cr) | -383.30[1] | -254.85[1] | 142.3[1] | – |
NaClO4 (ai) | -369.45[1] | -270.41[1] | 241.0[1] | – |
NaClO4 (cr) 1 hydrate | -677.77[1] | -494.29[1] | 190.8[1] | – |
(g) | 0[1] | 0[1] | 223.066[1] | 33.907[1] |
(ao) | -23.4[1] | 6.94[1] | 121[1] | – |
H2O (cr) | – | – | – | – |
H2O (l) | -285.830[1] | -237.129[1] | 69.91[1] | 75.291[1] |
H2O (g) | -241.818[1] | -228.572[1] | 188.825[1] | 33.577[1] |
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (g):Gas, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution, (l):Liquid
References
List of references
- 1Janiel J. Reed (1989)The NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties: Selected Values for Inorganic and C1 and C2 Organic Substances in SI UnitsNational Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
- ^ ΔfH°, -411.153 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -384.138 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 72.13 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 50.50 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -176.65 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -196.66 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 229.81 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 35.77 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -407.27 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -393.133 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 115.5 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, -90.0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -40.58 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -129.33 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -8.52 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 182.0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -382.21 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -677.98 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -383.30 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -254.85 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 142.3 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -369.45 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -270.41 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 241.0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -677.77 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -494.29 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 190.8 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 223.066 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 33.907 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -23.4 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 6.94 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 121. J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -285.830 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -237.129 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 69.91 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 75.291 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -241.818 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -228.572 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 188.825 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 33.577 J · K−1 · mol−1