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7NaCl + 8HClO4 🔥→ 7NaClO4 + 4Cl2↑ + 4H2O

The reaction of sodium chloride and perchloric acid yields sodium perchlorate, chlorine, and water (Other reactions are here). This reaction is an oxidation-reduction reaction and is classified as follows:

Table of contents
  1. 1Reaction data
  2. 2Thermodynamic changes
  3. 3References
  4. 4Related reactions
  5. 5Related categories

Reaction data

Chemical equation

General equation

Reaction of hardly oxidizable species and oxidizing species
Hardly oxidizable speciesReducing agent + Oxidizing speciesOxidizing agent
ProductOxidation product + ProductReduction product

Oxidation state of each atom

Reactants

Chemical formulaNameCoefficientTypeType in general
equation
NaClSodium chloride7
Reducing
Hardly oxidizable
HClO4Perchloric acid8
Oxidizing
Oxidizing

Products

Chemical formulaNameCoefficientTypeType in general
equation
NaClO4Sodium perchlorate7
Cl2Chlorine4
Redoxed product
H2OWater4

Thermodynamic changes

Changes in standard condition

Reaction of sodium chloride and perchloric acid
7NaClCrystalline solid + 8HClO4Liquid
🔥
7NaClO4Crystalline solid + 4Cl2Gas + 4H2OLiquid
Standard enthalpy
of reaction
ΔrH°
kJ · mol−1
Standard
Gibbs energy
of reaction
ΔrG°
kJ · mol−1
Standard entropy
of reaction
ΔrS°
J · K−1 · mol−1
Standard heat
capacity of reaction
at constant pressure
ΔrCp°
J · K−1 · mol−1
per 1 mol of
Equation
−623.71
per 1 mol of
−89.101
per 1 mol of
−77.964
per 1 mol of
−89.101
per 1 mol of
−155.93
per 1 mol of
−155.93

Changes in aqueous solution (1)

Reaction of sodium chloride and perchloric acid
ΔrG−21.30 kJ/mol
K5.39 × 103
pK−3.73
7NaClIonized aqueous solution + 8HClO4Ionized aqueous solution
🔥
7NaClO4Ionized aqueous solution + 4Cl2Gas + 4H2OLiquid
Standard enthalpy
of reaction
ΔrH°
kJ · mol−1
Standard
Gibbs energy
of reaction
ΔrG°
kJ · mol−1
Standard entropy
of reaction
ΔrS°
J · K−1 · mol−1
Standard heat
capacity of reaction
at constant pressure
ΔrCp°
J · K−1 · mol−1
per 1 mol of
Equation
156.06−21.30594.4
per 1 mol of
22.294−3.04384.91
per 1 mol of
19.508−2.66374.30
per 1 mol of
22.294−3.04384.91
per 1 mol of
39.015−5.325148.6
per 1 mol of
39.015−5.325148.6

Changes in aqueous solution (2)

Reaction of sodium chloride and perchloric acid
ΔrG6.47 kJ/mol
K0.74 × 10−1
pK1.13
7NaClIonized aqueous solution + 8HClO4Ionized aqueous solution
🔥
7NaClO4Ionized aqueous solution + 4Cl2Un-ionized aqueous solution + 4H2OLiquid
Standard enthalpy
of reaction
ΔrH°
kJ · mol−1
Standard
Gibbs energy
of reaction
ΔrG°
kJ · mol−1
Standard entropy
of reaction
ΔrS°
J · K−1 · mol−1
Standard heat
capacity of reaction
at constant pressure
ΔrCp°
J · K−1 · mol−1
per 1 mol of
Equation
62.56.47186
per 1 mol of
8.930.92426.6
per 1 mol of
7.810.80923.3
per 1 mol of
8.930.92426.6
per 1 mol of
15.61.6246.5
per 1 mol of
15.61.6246.5

Thermodynamic data of reactants

Chemical formulaStandard enthalpy
of formation
ΔfH°
kJ · mol−1
Standard Gibbs
energy of
formation
ΔfG°
kJ · mol−1
Standard
molar entropy
S°
J · K−1 · mol−1
Standard molar
heat capacity at
constant pressure
Cp°
J · K−1 · mol−1
NaCl (cr)-411.153[1]-384.138[1]72.13[1]50.50[1]
NaCl (g)-176.65[1]-196.66[1]229.81[1]35.77[1]
NaCl (ai)-407.27[1]-393.133[1]115.5[1]-90.0[1]
HClO4 (l)-40.58[1]
HClO4 (ai)-129.33[1]-8.52[1]182.0[1]
HClO4 (cr)
1 hydrate
-382.21[1]
HClO4 (l)
2 hydrate
-677.98[1]
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (g):Gas, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (l):Liquid

Thermodynamic data of products

Chemical formulaStandard enthalpy
of formation
ΔfH°
kJ · mol−1
Standard Gibbs
energy of
formation
ΔfG°
kJ · mol−1
Standard
molar entropy
S°
J · K−1 · mol−1
Standard molar
heat capacity at
constant pressure
Cp°
J · K−1 · mol−1
NaClO4 (cr)-383.30[1]-254.85[1]142.3[1]
NaClO4 (ai)-369.45[1]-270.41[1]241.0[1]
NaClO4 (cr)
1 hydrate
-677.77[1]-494.29[1]190.8[1]
Cl2 (g)0[1]0[1]223.066[1]33.907[1]
Cl2 (ao)-23.4[1]6.94[1]121[1]
H2O (cr)
H2O (l)-285.830[1]-237.129[1]69.91[1]75.291[1]
H2O (g)-241.818[1]-228.572[1]188.825[1]33.577[1]
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (g):Gas, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution, (l):Liquid

References

List of references

  1. 1
    Janiel J. Reed (1989)
    The NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties: Selected Values for Inorganic and C1 and C2 Organic Substances in SI Units
    National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)