8AuCl3 + 24KMnO4 + 36H2O → 8Au(OH)3 + 3KClO4 + 24H2MnO4 + 21KCl
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- Reaction of gold(III) chloride and potassium permanganate under neutral condition
- 8AuCl3Gold(III) chloride + 24KMnO4Potassium permanganate + 36H2OWater8Au(OH)3Gold(III) hydroxide + 3KClO4Potassium perchlorate + 24H2MnO4Manganic acid + 21KClPotassium chloride⟶
The reaction of gold(III) chloride, potassium permanganate, and water yields gold(III) hydroxide, potassium perchlorate, manganic acid, and potassium chloride (Other reactions are here). This reaction is an oxidation-reduction reaction and is classified as follows:
Table of contents
Reaction data
Chemical equation
- Reaction of gold(III) chloride and potassium permanganate under neutral condition
- 8AuCl3Gold(III) chloride + 24KMnO4Potassium permanganate + 36H2OWater8Au(OH)3Gold(III) hydroxide + 3KClO4Potassium perchlorate + 24H2MnO4Manganic acid + 21KClPotassium chloride⟶
General equation
- Reaction of hardly oxidizable species and oxidizing species under neutral condition
- Hardly oxidizable speciesReducing agent + Oxidizing speciesOxidizing agent + H2ONon-redox agent ⟶ ProductOxidation product + ProductReduction product
Oxidation state of each atom
- Reaction of gold(III) chloride and potassium permanganate under neutral condition
Reactants
Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
---|---|---|---|---|
AuCl3 | Gold(III) chloride | 8 | Reducing | Hardly oxidizable |
KMnO4 | Potassium permanganate | 24 | Oxidizing | Oxidizing |
H2O | Water | 36 | – | Water |
Products
Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
---|---|---|---|---|
Au(OH)3 | Gold(III) hydroxide | 8 | – | – |
KClO4 | Potassium perchlorate | 3 | Oxidized | – |
H2MnO4 | Manganic acid | 24 | Reduced | – |
KCl | Potassium chloride | 21 | – | – |
Thermodynamic changes
Thermodynamic data of reactants
Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
---|---|---|---|---|
AuCl3 (cr) | -117.6[1] | – | – | – |
AuCl3 (cr) 2 hydrate | -715.0[1] | – | – | – |
KMnO4 (cr) | -837.2[1] | -737.6[1] | 171.71[1] | 117.57[1] |
KMnO4 (ai) | -793.8[1] | -730.5[1] | 293.7[1] | -60.2[1] |
H2O (cr) | – | – | – | – |
H2O (l) | -285.830[1] | -237.129[1] | 69.91[1] | 75.291[1] |
H2O (g) | -241.818[1] | -228.572[1] | 188.825[1] | 33.577[1] |
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (l):Liquid, (g):Gas
Thermodynamic data of products
Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
---|---|---|---|---|
Au(OH)3 (cr) precipitated | -424.7[1] | -316.92[1] | 189.5[1] | – |
Au(OH)3 (ao) | – | -283.37[1] | – | – |
KClO4 (cr) | -432.75[1] | -303.09[1] | 151.0[1] | 112.38[1] |
KClO4 (ai) | -381.71[1] | -291.79[1] | 284.5[1] | – |
H2MnO4 | – | – | – | – |
KCl (cr) | -436.747[1] | -409.14[1] | 82.59[1] | 51.30[1] |
KCl (g) | -214.14[1] | -233.0[1] | 239.10[1] | 36.48[1] |
KCl (ai) | -419.53[1] | -414.49[1] | 159.0[1] | -114.6[1] |
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (g):Gas
References
List of references
- 1Janiel J. Reed (1989)The NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties: Selected Values for Inorganic and C1 and C2 Organic Substances in SI UnitsNational Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
- ^ ΔfH°, -117.6 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -715.0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -837.2 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -737.6 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 171.71 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 117.57 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -793.8 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -730.5 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 293.7 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, -60.2 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -285.830 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -237.129 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 69.91 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 75.291 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -241.818 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -228.572 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 188.825 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 33.577 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -424.7 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -316.92 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 189.5 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -283.37 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -432.75 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -303.09 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 151.0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 112.38 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -381.71 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -291.79 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 284.5 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -436.747 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -409.14 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 82.59 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 51.30 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -214.14 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -233.0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 239.10 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 36.48 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -419.53 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -414.49 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 159.0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, -114.6 J · K−1 · mol−1