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8HCN + 12HNO3 → 5NH4NO2 + 10NO↑ + 8CO2↑

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Reaction of hydrogen cyanide and nitric acid
8HCNHydrogen cyanide + 12HNO3Nitric acid
⟶
5NH4NO2Ammonium nitrite + 10NO↑Nitrogen monoxide + 8CO2↑Carbon dioxide

The reaction of hydrogen cyanide and nitric acid yields ammonium nitrite, nitrogen monoxide, and carbon dioxide (Other reactions are here). This reaction is an oxidation-reduction reaction and is classified as follows:

Table of contents
  1. 1Reaction data
  2. 2Thermodynamic changes
  3. 3References
  4. 4Related reactions
  5. 5Related categories

Reaction data

Chemical equation

Reaction of hydrogen cyanide and nitric acid
8HCNHydrogen cyanide + 12HNO3Nitric acid
⟶
5NH4NO2Ammonium nitrite + 10NO↑Nitrogen monoxide + 8CO2↑Carbon dioxide

General equation

Reaction of reducing species and oxidizing species
Reducing speciesReducing agent + Oxidizing speciesOxidizing agent
⟶
ProductOxidation product + ProductReduction product

Oxidation state of each atom

Reaction of hydrogen cyanide and nitric acid

Reactants

Chemical formulaNameCoefficientTypeType in general
equation
HCNHydrogen cyanide8
Reducing
Reducing
HNO3Nitric acid12
Oxidizing
Oxidizing

Products

Chemical formulaNameCoefficientTypeType in general
equation
NH4NO2Ammonium nitrite5
Redoxed product
–
NONitrogen monoxide10
Reduced
–
CO2Carbon dioxide8
Oxidized
–

Thermodynamic changes

Changes in standard condition

Reaction of hydrogen cyanide and nitric acid
8HCNLiquid + 12HNO3Liquid
⟶
5NH4NO2Crystalline solid + 10NO↑Gas + 8CO2↑Gas
Standard enthalpy
of reaction
ΔrH°
kJ · mol−1		Standard
Gibbs energy
of reaction
ΔrG°
kJ · mol−1		Standard entropy
of reaction
ΔrS°
J · K−1 · mol−1		Standard heat
capacity of reaction
at constant pressure
ΔrCp°
J · K−1 · mol−1
per 1 mol of
Equation
−2309.8–––
per 1 mol of
−288.73–––
per 1 mol of
−192.48–––
per 1 mol of
−461.96–––
per 1 mol of
−230.98–––
per 1 mol of
−288.73–––

Changes in aqueous solution (1)

Reaction of hydrogen cyanide and nitric acid
◆
ΔrG−2891.6 kJ/mol
K3.86 × 10506
pK−506.59
8HCNIonized aqueous solution + 12HNO3Ionized aqueous solution
⟶
5NH4NO2Ionized aqueous solution + 10NO↑Gas + 8CO2↑Gas
Standard enthalpy
of reaction
ΔrH°
kJ · mol−1		Standard
Gibbs energy
of reaction
ΔrG°
kJ · mol−1		Standard entropy
of reaction
ΔrS°
J · K−1 · mol−1		Standard heat
capacity of reaction
at constant pressure
ΔrCp°
J · K−1 · mol−1
per 1 mol of
Equation
−2148.1−2891.62489.9–
per 1 mol of
−268.51−361.45311.24–
per 1 mol of
−179.01−240.97207.49–
per 1 mol of
−429.62−578.32497.98–
per 1 mol of
−214.81−289.16248.99–
per 1 mol of
−268.51−361.45311.24–

Changes in aqueous solution (2)

Reaction of hydrogen cyanide and nitric acid
◆
ΔrG−2824.5 kJ/mol
K6.78 × 10494
pK−494.83
8HCNIonized aqueous solution + 12HNO3Ionized aqueous solution
⟶
5NH4NO2Ionized aqueous solution + 10NO↑Gas + 8CO2↑Un-ionized aqueous solution
Standard enthalpy
of reaction
ΔrH°
kJ · mol−1		Standard
Gibbs energy
of reaction
ΔrG°
kJ · mol−1		Standard entropy
of reaction
ΔrS°
J · K−1 · mol−1		Standard heat
capacity of reaction
at constant pressure
ΔrCp°
J · K−1 · mol−1
per 1 mol of
Equation
−2310.4−2824.51720.8–
per 1 mol of
−288.80−353.06215.10–
per 1 mol of
−192.53−235.38143.40–
per 1 mol of
−462.08−564.90344.16–
per 1 mol of
−231.04−282.45172.08–
per 1 mol of
−288.80−353.06215.10–

Changes in aqueous solution (3)

Reaction of hydrogen cyanide and nitric acid
◆
ΔrG−2470.0 kJ/mol
K5.31 × 10432
pK−432.73
8HCNUn-ionized aqueous solution + 12HNO3Ionized aqueous solution
⟶
5NH4NO2Ionized aqueous solution + 10NO↑Gas + 8CO2↑Gas
Standard enthalpy
of reaction
ΔrH°
kJ · mol−1		Standard
Gibbs energy
of reaction
ΔrG°
kJ · mol−1		Standard entropy
of reaction
ΔrS°
J · K−1 · mol−1		Standard heat
capacity of reaction
at constant pressure
ΔrCp°
J · K−1 · mol−1
per 1 mol of
Equation
−1800.1−2470.02245.1–
per 1 mol of
−225.01−308.75280.64–
per 1 mol of
−150.01−205.83187.09–
per 1 mol of
−360.02−494.00449.02–
per 1 mol of
−180.01−247.00224.51–
per 1 mol of
−225.01−308.75280.64–

Changes in aqueous solution (4)

Reaction of hydrogen cyanide and nitric acid
◆
ΔrG−2402.9 kJ/mol
K9.33 × 10420
pK−420.97
8HCNUn-ionized aqueous solution + 12HNO3Ionized aqueous solution
⟶
5NH4NO2Ionized aqueous solution + 10NO↑Gas + 8CO2↑Un-ionized aqueous solution
Standard enthalpy
of reaction
ΔrH°
kJ · mol−1		Standard
Gibbs energy
of reaction
ΔrG°
kJ · mol−1		Standard entropy
of reaction
ΔrS°
J · K−1 · mol−1		Standard heat
capacity of reaction
at constant pressure
ΔrCp°
J · K−1 · mol−1
per 1 mol of
Equation
−1962.4−2402.91476.0–
per 1 mol of
−245.30−300.36184.50–
per 1 mol of
−163.53−200.24123.00–
per 1 mol of
−392.48−480.58295.20–
per 1 mol of
−196.24−240.29147.60–
per 1 mol of
−245.30−300.36184.50–

Thermodynamic data of reactants

Chemical formulaStandard enthalpy
of formation
ΔfH°
kJ · mol−1		Standard Gibbs
energy of
formation
ΔfG°
kJ · mol−1		Standard
molar entropy
S°
J · K−1 · mol−1		Standard molar
heat capacity at
constant pressure
Cp°
J · K−1 · mol−1
HCN (l)108.87[1]124.97[1]112.84[1]70.63[1]
HCN (g)135.1[1]124.7[1]201.78[1]35.86[1]
HCN (ai)150.6[1]172.4[1]94.1[1]–
HCN (ao)107.1[1]119.7[1]124.7[1]–
HNO3 (l)-174.10[1]-80.71[1]155.60[1]109.87[1]
HNO3 (g)-135.06[1]-74.72[1]266.38[1]53.35[1]
HNO3 (ai)-207.36[1]-111.25[1]146.4[1]-86.6[1]
HNO3 (l)
1 hydrate
-473.46[1]-328.77[1]216.90[1]182.46[1]
HNO3 (l)
3 hydrate
-1056.04[1]-811.09[1]346.98[1]325.14[1]
* (l):Liquid, (g):Gas, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution

Thermodynamic data of products

Chemical formulaStandard enthalpy
of formation
ΔfH°
kJ · mol−1		Standard Gibbs
energy of
formation
ΔfG°
kJ · mol−1		Standard
molar entropy
S°
J · K−1 · mol−1		Standard molar
heat capacity at
constant pressure
Cp°
J · K−1 · mol−1
NH4NO2 (cr)-256.5[1]–––
NH4NO2 (ai)-237.2[1]-111.6[1]236.4[1]-17.6[1]
NO (g)90.25[1]86.55[1]210.761[1]29.844[1]
CO2 (g)-393.509[1]-394.359[1]213.74[1]37.11[1]
CO2 (ao)-413.80[1]-385.98[1]117.6[1]–
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (g):Gas, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution

References

List of references

  1. 1
    Janiel J. Reed (1989)
    The NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties: Selected Values for Inorganic and C1 and C2 Organic Substances in SI Units
    National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)