8KMnO4 + 4e− → 4K2O + Mn3+ + 7MnO4−
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- Reduction of potassium permanganate
- 8KMnO4Potassium permanganate + 4e−Electron4K2OPotassium oxide + Mn3+Manganese(III) ion + 7MnO4−Permanganate ion⟶
Reduction of potassium permanganate yields potassium oxide, manganese(III) ion, and permanganate ion (Other reactions are here). This reaction is an oxidation-reduction reaction and is classified as follows:
Table of contents
Reaction data
Chemical equation
- Reduction of potassium permanganate
- 8KMnO4Potassium permanganate + 4e−Electron4K2OPotassium oxide + Mn3+Manganese(III) ion + 7MnO4−Permanganate ion⟶
General equation
- Reduction of reducible species
- ReactantOxidizing agent + e− ⟶ ProductReduction product
Oxidation state of each atom
- Reduction of potassium permanganate
Reactants
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KMnO4 | Potassium permanganate | 8 | Oxidizing | – |
| e− | Electron | 4 | – | Electron |
Products
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| K2O | Potassium oxide | 4 | – | – |
| Mn3+ | Manganese(III) ion | 1 | Reduced | – |
| MnO4− | Permanganate ion | 7 | – | – |
Thermodynamic changes
Thermodynamic data of reactants
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KMnO4 (cr) | -837.2[1] | -737.6[1] | 171.71[1] | 117.57[1] |
| KMnO4 (ai) | -793.8[1] | -730.5[1] | 293.7[1] | -60.2[1] |
| e− | – | – | – | – |
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution
Thermodynamic data of products
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| K2O (cr) | -361.5[1] | -322.1[2] | 94.1[2] | 83.7[2] |
| K2O (g) | -63[1] | – | – | – |
| Mn3+ (g) | 5776.4[1] | – | – | – |
| MnO4− (ao) | -541.4[1] | -447.2[1] | 191.2[1] | -82.0[1] |
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (g):Gas, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution
References
List of references
- 1Janiel J. Reed (1989)The NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties: Selected Values for Inorganic and C1 and C2 Organic Substances in SI UnitsNational Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
- ^ ΔfH°, -837.2 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -737.6 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 171.71 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 117.57 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -793.8 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -730.5 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 293.7 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, -60.2 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -361.5 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -63. kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 5776.4 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -541.4 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -447.2 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 191.2 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, -82.0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- 2James G. Speight (2017)Lange's Handbook of Chemistry, 17th editionMcGraw Hill Education
- ^ ΔfG°, -322.1 kJ · mol−1 - p.280
- ^ S°, 94.1 J · K−1 · mol−1 - p.280
- ^ Cp°, 83.7 J · K−1 · mol−1 - p.280