8NaClO + 3Mg(OH)2 🔥→ 2NaClO4 + 3Na2O + 3MgCl2 + 3H2O
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The reaction of sodium hypochlorite and magnesium hydroxide yields sodium perchlorate, sodium oxide, magnesium chloride, and water (Other reactions are here). This reaction is an oxidation-reduction reaction and is classified as follows:
Table of contents
Reaction data
Chemical equation
- Reaction of sodium hypochlorite and magnesium hydroxide
General equation
- Reaction of self redoxing species and base
- Self-redoxing speciesSelf redox agent + BaseNon-redox agent ⟶ ProductOxidation product + ProductReduction product
Oxidation state of each atom
- Reaction of sodium hypochlorite and magnesium hydroxide
Reactants
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NaClO | Sodium hypochlorite | 8 | – | Self redoxing |
| Mg(OH)2 | Magnesium hydroxide | 3 | – | Base |
Products
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NaClO4 | Sodium perchlorate | 2 | Oxidized | – |
| Na2O | Sodium oxide | 3 | – | – |
| MgCl2 | Magnesium chloride | 3 | Reduced | – |
| H2O | Water | 3 | – | – |
Thermodynamic changes
Changes in standard condition (1)
- Reaction of sodium hypochlorite and magnesium hydroxide◆
ΔrG 360.2 kJ/mol K 0.79 × 10−63 pK 63.10
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 309.5 | 360.2 | −148 | – |
per 1 mol of | 38.69 | 45.02 | −18.5 | – |
per 1 mol of | 103.2 | 120.1 | −49.3 | – |
per 1 mol of | 154.8 | 180.1 | −74.0 | – |
per 1 mol of | 103.2 | 120.1 | −49.3 | – |
per 1 mol of | 103.2 | 120.1 | −49.3 | – |
per 1 mol of | 103.2 | 120.1 | −49.3 | – |
Changes in standard condition (2)
- Reaction of sodium hypochlorite and magnesium hydroxide
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 297.4 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | 37.17 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | 99.13 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | 148.7 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | 99.13 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | 99.13 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | 99.13 | – | – | – |
Thermodynamic data of reactants
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NaClO (ai) | -347.3[1] | -298.7[1] | 100[1] | – |
| Mg(OH)2 (cr) | -924.54[1] | -833.51[1] | 63.18[1] | 77.03[1] |
| Mg(OH)2 (am) precipitated | -920.5[1] | – | – | – |
| Mg(OH)2 (g) | -561[1] | – | – | – |
| Mg(OH)2 (ai) | -926.84[1] | -769.4[1] | -159.4[1] | – |
* (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (cr):Crystalline solid, (am):Amorphous solid, (g):Gas
Thermodynamic data of products
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NaClO4 (cr) | -383.30[1] | -254.85[1] | 142.3[1] | – |
| NaClO4 (ai) | -369.45[1] | -270.41[1] | 241.0[1] | – |
| NaClO4 (cr) 1 hydrate | -677.77[1] | -494.29[1] | 190.8[1] | – |
| Na2O (cr) | -414.22[1] | -375.46[1] | 75.06[1] | 69.12[1] |
| Na2O (g) | -35.6[1] | -52.3[1] | 261.2[1] | 55.2[1] |
| MgCl2 (cr) | -641.32[1] | -591.79[1] | 89.62[1] | 71.38[1] |
| MgCl2 (g) | -400.4[1] | – | – | – |
| MgCl2 (ai) | -801.15[1] | -717.1[1] | -25.1[1] | – |
| MgCl2 (cr) 1 hydrate | -966.63[1] | -861.74[1] | 137.2[1] | 115.27[1] |
| MgCl2 (cr) 2 hydrate | -1279.72[1] | -1118.00[1] | 179.9[1] | 159.20[1] |
| MgCl2 (cr) 4 hydrate | -1898.99[1] | -1623.29[1] | 264.0[1] | 241.42[1] |
| MgCl2 (cr) 6 hydrate | -2499.02[1] | -2114.64[1] | 366.1[1] | 315.06[1] |
| H2O (cr) | – | – | – | – |
| H2O (l) | -285.830[1] | -237.129[1] | 69.91[1] | 75.291[1] |
| H2O (g) | -241.818[1] | -228.572[1] | 188.825[1] | 33.577[1] |
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (g):Gas, (l):Liquid
References
List of references
- 1Janiel J. Reed (1989)The NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties: Selected Values for Inorganic and C1 and C2 Organic Substances in SI UnitsNational Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
- ^ ΔfH°, -347.3 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -298.7 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 100. J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -924.54 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -833.51 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 63.18 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 77.03 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -920.5 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -561. kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -926.84 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -769.4 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, -159.4 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -383.30 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -254.85 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 142.3 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -369.45 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -270.41 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 241.0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -677.77 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -494.29 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 190.8 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -414.22 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -375.46 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 75.06 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 69.12 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -35.6 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -52.3 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 261.2 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 55.2 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -641.32 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -591.79 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 89.62 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 71.38 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -400.4 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -801.15 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -717.1 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, -25.1 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -966.63 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -861.74 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 137.2 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 115.27 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -1279.72 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -1118.00 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 179.9 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 159.20 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -1898.99 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -1623.29 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 264.0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 241.42 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -2499.02 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -2114.64 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 366.1 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 315.06 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -285.830 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -237.129 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 69.91 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 75.291 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -241.818 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -228.572 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 188.825 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 33.577 J · K−1 · mol−1