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8ZnCl2 + 2KMnO4 + 16H^+ 🔥→ 8Zn^2+ + 5Cl2↑ + 2MnCl2 + 2KCl + 8H2O

8ZnCl₂ + 2KMnO₄ + 16H⁺ 🔥→ 8Zn²⁺ + 5Cl₂↑ + 2MnCl₂ + 2KCl + 8H₂O

Last updated: June 13, 2022

Reaction of zinc chloride and potassium permanganate under acidic condition: 8ZnCl₂Zinc chloride + 2KMnO₄Potassium permanganate + 16H⁺Hydrogen ion
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8Zn²⁺Zinc ion + 5Cl₂↑Chlorine + 2MnCl₂Manganese(II) chloride + 2KClPotassium chloride + 8H₂OWater

The reaction of zinc chloride, potassium permanganate, and hydrogen ion yields zinc ion, chlorine, manganese(II) chloride, potassium chloride, and water (Other reactions are here). This reaction is an oxidation-reduction reaction and is classified as follows:

Reaction of hardly oxidizable species and oxidizing species under acidic condition

Table of contents

Reaction data

Chemical equation

Reaction of zinc chloride and potassium permanganate under acidic condition: 8ZnCl₂Zinc chloride + 2KMnO₄Potassium permanganate + 16H⁺Hydrogen ion
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8Zn²⁺Zinc ion + 5Cl₂↑Chlorine + 2MnCl₂Manganese(II) chloride + 2KClPotassium chloride + 8H₂OWater

General equation

Reaction of hardly oxidizable species and oxidizing species under acidic condition: Hardly oxidizable speciesReducing agent + Oxidizing speciesOxidizing agent + H⁺Non-redox agent
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ProductOxidation product + ProductReduction product + H₂ONon-redox product

Oxidation state of each atom

Reaction of zinc chloride and potassium permanganate under acidic condition

Reactants

Chemical formula	Name	Coefficient	Type	Type in general equation
ZnCl₂	Zinc chloride	8	Reducing	Hardly oxidizable
KMnO₄	Potassium permanganate	2	Oxidizing	Oxidizing under acidic condition
H⁺	Hydrogen ion	16	–	Hydrogen ion

Products

Chemical formula	Name	Coefficient	Type	Type in general equation
Zn²⁺	Zinc ion	8	–	–
Cl₂	Chlorine	5	Oxidized	–
MnCl₂	Manganese(II) chloride	2	Reduced	–
KCl	Potassium chloride	2	–	–
H₂O	Water	8	–	Water

Thermodynamic changes

Changes in standard condition (1)

Reaction of zinc chloride and potassium permanganate under acidic condition ◆ Δ_rG −147.1 kJ/mol K 5.90 × 10²⁵ pK −25.77: 8ZnCl₂Ionized aqueous solution + 2KMnO₄Ionized aqueous solution + 16H⁺Un-ionized aqueous solution
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8Zn²⁺Un-ionized aqueous solution + 5Cl₂↑Gas + 2MnCl₂Ionized aqueous solution + 2KClIonized aqueous solution + 8H₂OLiquid

	Standard enthalpy of reaction Δ_rH° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard Gibbs energy of reaction Δ_rG° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard entropy of reaction Δ_rS° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹	Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure Δ_rC_p° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹
per 1 mol of Equation	26.2	−147.1	579.8	2395
per 1 mol of Zinc chloride	3.27	−18.39	72.47	299.4
per 1 mol of Potassium permanganate	13.1	−73.55	289.9	1198
per 1 mol of Hydrogen ion	1.64	−9.194	36.24	149.7
per 1 mol of Zinc ion	3.27	−18.39	72.47	299.4
per 1 mol of Chlorine	5.24	−29.42	116.0	479.0
per 1 mol of Manganese(II) chloride	13.1	−73.55	289.9	1198
per 1 mol of Potassium chloride	13.1	−73.55	289.9	1198
per 1 mol of Water	3.27	−18.39	72.47	299.4

Changes in standard condition (2)

Reaction of zinc chloride and potassium permanganate under acidic condition ◆ Δ_rG −149.5 kJ/mol K 1.55 × 10²⁶ pK −26.19: 8ZnCl₂Ionized aqueous solution + 2KMnO₄Ionized aqueous solution + 16H⁺Un-ionized aqueous solution
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8Zn²⁺Un-ionized aqueous solution + 5Cl₂↑Gas + 2MnCl₂Un-ionized aqueous solution + 2KClIonized aqueous solution + 8H₂OLiquid

	Standard enthalpy of reaction Δ_rH° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard Gibbs energy of reaction Δ_rG° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard entropy of reaction Δ_rS° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹	Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure Δ_rC_p° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹
per 1 mol of Equation	–	−149.5	–	–
per 1 mol of Zinc chloride	–	−18.69	–	–
per 1 mol of Potassium permanganate	–	−74.75	–	–
per 1 mol of Hydrogen ion	–	−9.344	–	–
per 1 mol of Zinc ion	–	−18.69	–	–
per 1 mol of Chlorine	–	−29.90	–	–
per 1 mol of Manganese(II) chloride	–	−74.75	–	–
per 1 mol of Potassium chloride	–	−74.75	–	–
per 1 mol of Water	–	−18.69	–	–

Changes in standard condition (3)

Reaction of zinc chloride and potassium permanganate under acidic condition ◆ Δ_rG −112.4 kJ/mol K 4.92 × 10¹⁹ pK −19.69: 8ZnCl₂Ionized aqueous solution + 2KMnO₄Ionized aqueous solution + 16H⁺Un-ionized aqueous solution
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8Zn²⁺Un-ionized aqueous solution + 5Cl₂↑Un-ionized aqueous solution + 2MnCl₂Ionized aqueous solution + 2KClIonized aqueous solution + 8H₂OLiquid

	Standard enthalpy of reaction Δ_rH° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard Gibbs energy of reaction Δ_rG° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard entropy of reaction Δ_rS° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹	Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure Δ_rC_p° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹
per 1 mol of Equation	−90.8	−112.4	69	–
per 1 mol of Zinc chloride	−11.3	−14.05	8.6	–
per 1 mol of Potassium permanganate	−45.4	−56.20	35	–
per 1 mol of Hydrogen ion	−5.67	−7.025	4.3	–
per 1 mol of Zinc ion	−11.3	−14.05	8.6	–
per 1 mol of Chlorine	−18.2	−22.48	14	–
per 1 mol of Manganese(II) chloride	−45.4	−56.20	35	–
per 1 mol of Potassium chloride	−45.4	−56.20	35	–
per 1 mol of Water	−11.3	−14.05	8.6	–

Changes in standard condition (4)

Reaction of zinc chloride and potassium permanganate under acidic condition ◆ Δ_rG −114.8 kJ/mol K 1.29 × 10²⁰ pK −20.11: 8ZnCl₂Ionized aqueous solution + 2KMnO₄Ionized aqueous solution + 16H⁺Un-ionized aqueous solution
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8Zn²⁺Un-ionized aqueous solution + 5Cl₂↑Un-ionized aqueous solution + 2MnCl₂Un-ionized aqueous solution + 2KClIonized aqueous solution + 8H₂OLiquid

	Standard enthalpy of reaction Δ_rH° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard Gibbs energy of reaction Δ_rG° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard entropy of reaction Δ_rS° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹	Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure Δ_rC_p° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹
per 1 mol of Equation	–	−114.8	–	–
per 1 mol of Zinc chloride	–	−14.35	–	–
per 1 mol of Potassium permanganate	–	−57.40	–	–
per 1 mol of Hydrogen ion	–	−7.175	–	–
per 1 mol of Zinc ion	–	−14.35	–	–
per 1 mol of Chlorine	–	−22.96	–	–
per 1 mol of Manganese(II) chloride	–	−57.40	–	–
per 1 mol of Potassium chloride	–	−57.40	–	–
per 1 mol of Water	–	−14.35	–	–

Changes in standard condition (5)

Reaction of zinc chloride and potassium permanganate under acidic condition ◆ Δ_rG −193.5 kJ/mol K 7.94 × 10³³ pK −33.90: 8ZnCl₂Un-ionized aqueous solution + 2KMnO₄Ionized aqueous solution + 16H⁺Un-ionized aqueous solution
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8Zn²⁺Un-ionized aqueous solution + 5Cl₂↑Gas + 2MnCl₂Ionized aqueous solution + 2KClIonized aqueous solution + 8H₂OLiquid

	Standard enthalpy of reaction Δ_rH° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard Gibbs energy of reaction Δ_rG° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard entropy of reaction Δ_rS° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹	Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure Δ_rC_p° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹
per 1 mol of Equation	–	−193.5	–	–
per 1 mol of Zinc chloride	–	−24.19	–	–
per 1 mol of Potassium permanganate	–	−96.75	–	–
per 1 mol of Hydrogen ion	–	−12.09	–	–
per 1 mol of Zinc ion	–	−24.19	–	–
per 1 mol of Chlorine	–	−38.70	–	–
per 1 mol of Manganese(II) chloride	–	−96.75	–	–
per 1 mol of Potassium chloride	–	−96.75	–	–
per 1 mol of Water	–	−24.19	–	–

Changes in standard condition (6)

Reaction of zinc chloride and potassium permanganate under acidic condition ◆ Δ_rG −195.9 kJ/mol K 2.09 × 10³⁴ pK −34.32: 8ZnCl₂Un-ionized aqueous solution + 2KMnO₄Ionized aqueous solution + 16H⁺Un-ionized aqueous solution
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8Zn²⁺Un-ionized aqueous solution + 5Cl₂↑Gas + 2MnCl₂Un-ionized aqueous solution + 2KClIonized aqueous solution + 8H₂OLiquid

	Standard enthalpy of reaction Δ_rH° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard Gibbs energy of reaction Δ_rG° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard entropy of reaction Δ_rS° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹	Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure Δ_rC_p° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹
per 1 mol of Equation	–	−195.9	–	–
per 1 mol of Zinc chloride	–	−24.49	–	–
per 1 mol of Potassium permanganate	–	−97.95	–	–
per 1 mol of Hydrogen ion	–	−12.24	–	–
per 1 mol of Zinc ion	–	−24.49	–	–
per 1 mol of Chlorine	–	−39.18	–	–
per 1 mol of Manganese(II) chloride	–	−97.95	–	–
per 1 mol of Potassium chloride	–	−97.95	–	–
per 1 mol of Water	–	−24.49	–	–

Changes in standard condition (7)

Reaction of zinc chloride and potassium permanganate under acidic condition ◆ Δ_rG −158.8 kJ/mol K 6.62 × 10²⁷ pK −27.82: 8ZnCl₂Un-ionized aqueous solution + 2KMnO₄Ionized aqueous solution + 16H⁺Un-ionized aqueous solution
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8Zn²⁺Un-ionized aqueous solution + 5Cl₂↑Un-ionized aqueous solution + 2MnCl₂Ionized aqueous solution + 2KClIonized aqueous solution + 8H₂OLiquid

	Standard enthalpy of reaction Δ_rH° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard Gibbs energy of reaction Δ_rG° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard entropy of reaction Δ_rS° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹	Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure Δ_rC_p° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹
per 1 mol of Equation	–	−158.8	–	–
per 1 mol of Zinc chloride	–	−19.85	–	–
per 1 mol of Potassium permanganate	–	−79.40	–	–
per 1 mol of Hydrogen ion	–	−9.925	–	–
per 1 mol of Zinc ion	–	−19.85	–	–
per 1 mol of Chlorine	–	−31.76	–	–
per 1 mol of Manganese(II) chloride	–	−79.40	–	–
per 1 mol of Potassium chloride	–	−79.40	–	–
per 1 mol of Water	–	−19.85	–	–

Changes in standard condition (8)

Reaction of zinc chloride and potassium permanganate under acidic condition ◆ Δ_rG −161.2 kJ/mol K 1.74 × 10²⁸ pK −28.24: 8ZnCl₂Un-ionized aqueous solution + 2KMnO₄Ionized aqueous solution + 16H⁺Un-ionized aqueous solution
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8Zn²⁺Un-ionized aqueous solution + 5Cl₂↑Un-ionized aqueous solution + 2MnCl₂Un-ionized aqueous solution + 2KClIonized aqueous solution + 8H₂OLiquid

	Standard enthalpy of reaction Δ_rH° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard Gibbs energy of reaction Δ_rG° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard entropy of reaction Δ_rS° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹	Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure Δ_rC_p° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹
per 1 mol of Equation	–	−161.2	–	–
per 1 mol of Zinc chloride	–	−20.15	–	–
per 1 mol of Potassium permanganate	–	−80.60	–	–
per 1 mol of Hydrogen ion	–	−10.07	–	–
per 1 mol of Zinc ion	–	−20.15	–	–
per 1 mol of Chlorine	–	−32.24	–	–
per 1 mol of Manganese(II) chloride	–	−80.60	–	–
per 1 mol of Potassium chloride	–	−80.60	–	–
per 1 mol of Water	–	−20.15	–	–

Thermodynamic data of reactants

Chemical formula	Standard enthalpy of formation Δ_fH° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard Gibbs energy of formation Δ_fG° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard molar entropy S° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹	Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure C_p° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹
ZnCl₂ (cr)	-415.05^[1]	-369.398^[1]	111.46^[1]	71.34^[1]
ZnCl₂ (g)	-266.1^[1]	–	–	–
ZnCl₂ (ai)	-488.19^[1]	-409.50^[1]	0.8^[1]	-226^[1]
ZnCl₂ (ao)	–	-403.7^[1]	–	–
KMnO₄ (cr)	-837.2^[1]	-737.6^[1]	171.71^[1]	117.57^[1]
KMnO₄ (ai)	-793.8^[1]	-730.5^[1]	293.7^[1]	-60.2^[1]
H⁺ (g)	1536.202^[1]	–	–	–
H⁺ (ao)	0^[1]	0^[1]	0^[1]	0^[1]

* (cr):Crystalline solid, (g):Gas, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution

Thermodynamic data of products

Chemical formula	Standard enthalpy of formation Δ_fH° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard Gibbs energy of formation Δ_fG° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard molar entropy S° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹	Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure C_p° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹
Zn²⁺ (g)	2782.78^[1]	–	–	–
Zn²⁺ (ao)	-153.89^[1]	-147.06^[1]	-112.1^[1]	46^[1]
Cl₂ (g)	0^[1]	0^[1]	223.066^[1]	33.907^[1]
Cl₂ (ao)	-23.4^[1]	6.94^[1]	121^[1]	–
MnCl₂ (cr)	-481.29^[1]	-440.50^[1]	118.24^[1]	72.93^[1]
MnCl₂ (g)	-263.6^[1]	–	–	–
MnCl₂ (ai)	-555.05^[1]	-490.8^[1]	38.9^[1]	-222^[1]
MnCl₂ (ao)	–	-492.0^[1]	–	–
MnCl₂ (cr) 1 hydrate	-789.9^[1]	-696.1^[1]	174.1^[1]	–
MnCl₂ (cr) 2 hydrate	-1092.0^[1]	-942.1^[1]	218.8^[1]	–
MnCl₂ (cr) 4 hydrate	-1687.4^[1]	-1423.6^[1]	303.3^[1]	–
KCl (cr)	-436.747^[1]	-409.14^[1]	82.59^[1]	51.30^[1]
KCl (g)	-214.14^[1]	-233.0^[1]	239.10^[1]	36.48^[1]
KCl (ai)	-419.53^[1]	-414.49^[1]	159.0^[1]	-114.6^[1]
H₂O (cr)	–	–	–	–
H₂O (l)	-285.830^[1]	-237.129^[1]	69.91^[1]	75.291^[1]
H₂O (g)	-241.818^[1]	-228.572^[1]	188.825^[1]	33.577^[1]

* (g):Gas, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution, (cr):Crystalline solid, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (l):Liquid

References

List of references

1
Janiel J. Reed (1989)
The NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties: Selected Values for Inorganic and C1 and C2 Organic Substances in SI Units
https://doi.org/10.18434/M32124
National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
Citation list

Δ_rG	−147.1 kJ/mol
K	5.90 × 10²⁵
pK	−25.77

Δ_rG	−149.5 kJ/mol
K	1.55 × 10²⁶
pK	−26.19

Δ_rG	−112.4 kJ/mol
K	4.92 × 10¹⁹
pK	−19.69

Δ_rG	−114.8 kJ/mol
K	1.29 × 10²⁰
pK	−20.11

8ZnCl2 + 2KMnO4 + 16H+ 🔥→ 8Zn2+ + 5Cl2↑ + 2MnCl2 + 2KCl + 8H2O

Reaction data

Chemical equation

General equation

Oxidation state of each atom

Reactants

Products

Thermodynamic changes

Changes in standard condition (1)

Changes in standard condition (2)

Changes in standard condition (3)

Changes in standard condition (4)

Changes in standard condition (5)

Changes in standard condition (6)

Changes in standard condition (7)

Changes in standard condition (8)

Thermodynamic data of reactants

Thermodynamic data of products

References

List of references

Related reactions

Reactions with same reactants

Related categories

Type of reaction

General equation

Reactant

Product

8ZnCl₂ + 2KMnO₄ + 16H⁺ 🔥→ 8Zn²⁺ + 5Cl₂↑ + 2MnCl₂ + 2KCl + 8H₂O