95NaCl + 105RbClO4 + 16H+ 🔥→ 95NaClO4 + 16ClO2↑ + 89RbCl + 16Rb+ + 8H2O
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- Reaction of sodium chloride and rubidium perchlorate under acidic condition
- 95NaClSodium chloride + 105RbClO4Rubidium perchlorate + 16H+Hydrogen ion95NaClO4Sodium perchlorate + 16ClO2↑Chlorine dioxide + 89RbClRubidium chloride + 16Rb+Rubidium ion + 8H2OWater🔥⟶
The reaction of sodium chloride, rubidium perchlorate, and hydrogen ion yields sodium perchlorate, chlorine dioxide, rubidium chloride, rubidium ion, and water (Other reactions are here). This reaction is an oxidation-reduction reaction and is classified as follows:
Table of contents
Reaction data
Chemical equation
- Reaction of sodium chloride and rubidium perchlorate under acidic condition
- 95NaClSodium chloride + 105RbClO4Rubidium perchlorate + 16H+Hydrogen ion95NaClO4Sodium perchlorate + 16ClO2↑Chlorine dioxide + 89RbClRubidium chloride + 16Rb+Rubidium ion + 8H2OWater🔥⟶
General equation
- Reaction of hardly oxidizable species and oxidizing species under acidic condition
- Hardly oxidizable speciesReducing agent + Oxidizing speciesOxidizing agent + H+Non-redox agent ⟶ ProductOxidation product + ProductReduction product + H2ONon-redox product
Oxidation state of each atom
- Reaction of sodium chloride and rubidium perchlorate under acidic condition
Reactants
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NaCl | Sodium chloride | 95 | Reducing | Hardly oxidizable |
| RbClO4 | Rubidium perchlorate | 105 | Oxidizing | Oxidizing under acidic condition |
| H+ | Hydrogen ion | 16 | – | Hydrogen ion |
Products
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NaClO4 | Sodium perchlorate | 95 | Oxidized | – |
| ClO2 | Chlorine dioxide | 16 | Reduced | – |
| RbCl | Rubidium chloride | 89 | – | – |
| Rb+ | Rubidium ion | 16 | – | – |
| H2O | Water | 8 | – | Water |
Thermodynamic changes
Changes in standard condition (1)
- Reaction of sodium chloride and rubidium perchlorate under acidic condition◆
ΔrG 906.7 kJ/mol K 0.14 × 10−158 pK 158.85
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 1648.5 | 906.7 | 2529.8 | – |
per 1 mol of | 17.353 | 9.544 | 26.629 | – |
per 1 mol of | 15.700 | 8.635 | 24.093 | – |
per 1 mol of Hydrogen ion | 103.03 | 56.67 | 158.11 | – |
per 1 mol of | 17.353 | 9.544 | 26.629 | – |
per 1 mol of | 103.03 | 56.67 | 158.11 | – |
per 1 mol of | 18.522 | 10.19 | 28.425 | – |
per 1 mol of Rubidium ion | 103.03 | 56.67 | 158.11 | – |
per 1 mol of | 206.06 | 113.3 | 316.23 | – |
Changes in standard condition (2)
- Reaction of sodium chloride and rubidium perchlorate under acidic condition◆
ΔrG 900.3 kJ/mol K 0.19 × 10−157 pK 157.73
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 1206.9 | 900.3 | 1057.2 | – |
per 1 mol of | 12.704 | 9.477 | 11.128 | – |
per 1 mol of | 11.494 | 8.574 | 10.069 | – |
per 1 mol of Hydrogen ion | 75.431 | 56.27 | 66.075 | – |
per 1 mol of | 12.704 | 9.477 | 11.128 | – |
per 1 mol of | 75.431 | 56.27 | 66.075 | – |
per 1 mol of | 13.561 | 10.12 | 11.879 | – |
per 1 mol of Rubidium ion | 75.431 | 56.27 | 66.075 | – |
per 1 mol of | 150.86 | 112.5 | 132.15 | – |
Thermodynamic data of reactants
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NaCl (cr) | -411.153[1] | -384.138[1] | 72.13[1] | 50.50[1] |
| NaCl (g) | -176.65[1] | -196.66[1] | 229.81[1] | 35.77[1] |
| NaCl (ai) | -407.27[1] | -393.133[1] | 115.5[1] | -90.0[1] |
| RbClO4 (cr) | -437.23[1] | -306.90[1] | 161.1[1] | – |
| RbClO4 (ai) | -380.49[1] | -292.51[1] | 303.3[1] | – |
| H+ (g) | 1536.202[1] | – | – | – |
| H+ (ao) | 0[1] | 0[1] | 0[1] | 0[1] |
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (g):Gas, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution
Thermodynamic data of products
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NaClO4 (cr) | -383.30[1] | -254.85[1] | 142.3[1] | – |
| NaClO4 (ai) | -369.45[1] | -270.41[1] | 241.0[1] | – |
| NaClO4 (cr) 1 hydrate | -677.77[1] | -494.29[1] | 190.8[1] | – |
| ClO2 (g) | 102.5[1] | 120.5[1] | 256.84[1] | 41.97[1] |
| ClO2 (ao) | 74.9[1] | 120.1[1] | 164.8[1] | – |
| RbCl (cr) | -435.35[1] | -407.80[1] | 95.90[1] | 52.38[1] |
| RbCl (g) | -228.9[1] | -247.3[1] | 249.56[1] | 36.82[1] |
| RbCl (ai) | -418.32[1] | -415.20[1] | 177.99[1] | – |
| Rb+ (g) | 490.101[1] | – | – | – |
| Rb+ (ao) | -251.17[1] | -283.98[1] | 121.50[1] | – |
| H2O (cr) | – | – | – | – |
| H2O (l) | -285.830[1] | -237.129[1] | 69.91[1] | 75.291[1] |
| H2O (g) | -241.818[1] | -228.572[1] | 188.825[1] | 33.577[1] |
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (g):Gas, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution, (l):Liquid
References
List of references
- 1Janiel J. Reed (1989)The NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties: Selected Values for Inorganic and C1 and C2 Organic Substances in SI UnitsNational Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
- ^ ΔfH°, -411.153 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -384.138 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 72.13 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 50.50 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -176.65 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -196.66 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 229.81 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 35.77 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -407.27 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -393.133 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 115.5 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, -90.0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -437.23 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -306.90 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 161.1 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -380.49 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -292.51 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 303.3 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 1536.202 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -383.30 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -254.85 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 142.3 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -369.45 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -270.41 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 241.0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -677.77 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -494.29 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 190.8 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 102.5 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 120.5 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 256.84 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 41.97 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 74.9 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 120.1 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 164.8 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -435.35 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -407.80 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 95.90 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 52.38 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -228.9 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -247.3 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 249.56 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 36.82 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -418.32 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -415.20 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 177.99 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 490.101 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -251.17 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -283.98 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 121.50 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -285.830 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -237.129 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 69.91 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 75.291 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -241.818 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -228.572 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 188.825 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 33.577 J · K−1 · mol−1