4HClO4 ⚡→ 2Cl2↑ + 7O2↑ + 2H2O
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- Electrolysis of perchloric acid
Electrolysis of perchloric acid yields , , and water (Other reactions are here). This reaction is an oxidation-reduction reaction and is classified as follows:
Table of contents
Reaction data
Chemical equation
- Electrolysis of perchloric acid
General equation
- Electrolysis of liquid substance
- LiquidSelf redox agent⚡⟶ ProductOxidation product + ProductReduction product
Oxidation state of each atom
- Electrolysis of perchloric acid
Reactants
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HClO4 | Perchloric acid | 4 | Self redox agent | Liquid |
Products
Thermodynamic changes
Changes in standard condition
- Electrolysis of perchloric acid
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | −409.34 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −102.33 | – | – | – |
| −204.67 | – | – | – | |
| −58.477 | – | – | – | |
per 1 mol of | −204.67 | – | – | – |
Changes in aqueous solution (1)
- Electrolysis of perchloric acid◆
ΔrG −440.18 kJ/mol K 1.31 × 1077 pK −77.12
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | −54.34 | −440.18 | 1293.9 | – |
per 1 mol of | −13.59 | −110.05 | 323.48 | – |
| −27.17 | −220.09 | 646.95 | – | |
| −7.763 | −62.883 | 184.84 | – | |
per 1 mol of | −27.17 | −220.09 | 646.95 | – |
Changes in aqueous solution (2)
- Electrolysis of perchloric acid◆
ΔrG −325.4 kJ/mol K 1.02 × 1057 pK −57.01
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | −136.2 | −325.4 | 634.3 | – |
per 1 mol of | −34.05 | −81.35 | 158.6 | – |
| −68.10 | −162.7 | 317.1 | – | |
| −19.46 | −46.49 | 90.61 | – | |
per 1 mol of | −68.10 | −162.7 | 317.1 | – |
Changes in aqueous solution (3)
- Electrolysis of perchloric acid◆
ΔrG −426.30 kJ/mol K 4.84 × 1074 pK −74.68
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | −101.1 | −426.30 | 1090 | – |
per 1 mol of | −25.27 | −106.58 | 272.5 | – |
| −50.55 | −213.15 | 545.0 | – | |
| −14.44 | −60.900 | 155.7 | – | |
per 1 mol of | −50.55 | −213.15 | 545.0 | – |
Changes in aqueous solution (4)
- Electrolysis of perchloric acid◆
ΔrG −311.5 kJ/mol K 3.74 × 1054 pK −54.57
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | −183.0 | −311.5 | 430 | – |
per 1 mol of | −45.75 | −77.88 | 108 | – |
| −91.50 | −155.8 | 215 | – | |
| −26.14 | −44.50 | 61.4 | – | |
per 1 mol of | −91.50 | −155.8 | 215 | – |
Thermodynamic data of reactants
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HClO4 (l) | -40.58[1] | – | – | – |
| HClO4 (ai) | -129.33[1] | -8.52[1] | 182.0[1] | – |
| HClO4 (cr) 1 hydrate | -382.21[1] | – | – | – |
| HClO4 (l) 2 hydrate | -677.98[1] | – | – | – |
* (l):Liquid, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (cr):Crystalline solid
Thermodynamic data of products
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (g) | 0[1] | 0[1] | 223.066[1] | 33.907[1] |
| (ao) | -23.4[1] | 6.94[1] | 121[1] | – |
| (g) | 0[1] | 0[1] | 205.138[1] | 29.355[1] |
| (ao) | -11.7[1] | 16.4[1] | 110.9[1] | – |
| H2O (cr) | – | – | – | – |
| H2O (l) | -285.830[1] | -237.129[1] | 69.91[1] | 75.291[1] |
| H2O (g) | -241.818[1] | -228.572[1] | 188.825[1] | 33.577[1] |
* (g):Gas, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution, (cr):Crystalline solid, (l):Liquid
References
List of references
- 1Janiel J. Reed (1989)The NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties: Selected Values for Inorganic and C1 and C2 Organic Substances in SI UnitsNational Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
- ^ ΔfH°, -40.58 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -129.33 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -8.52 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 182.0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -382.21 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -677.98 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 223.066 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 33.907 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -23.4 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 6.94 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 121. J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 205.138 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 29.355 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -11.7 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 16.4 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 110.9 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -285.830 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -237.129 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 69.91 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 75.291 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -241.818 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -228.572 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 188.825 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 33.577 J · K−1 · mol−1