Cu(NO3)2 + 5H2O 💧⚡→ CuO + N2↑ + 5H2O2
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- Electrolysis of aqueous copper(II) nitrate with water as reducing agent
Electrolysis of aqueous copper(II) nitrate yields copper(II) oxide, , and (Other reactions are here). This reaction is an oxidation-reduction reaction and is classified as follows:
Table of contents
Reaction data
Chemical equation
- Electrolysis of aqueous copper(II) nitrate with water as reducing agent
General equation
- Electrolysis of aqueous solution with water as reducing agent
- Miscible with water/Very soluble in water/Soluble in waterOxidizing agent + H2OReducing agent💧⚡⟶ ProductOxidation product + ProductReduction product
Oxidation state of each atom
- Electrolysis of aqueous copper(II) nitrate with water as reducing agent
Reactants
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cu(NO3)2 | Copper(II) nitrate | 1 | Oxidizing | Very soluble in water |
| H2O | Water | 5 | Reducing | Water |
Products
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CuO | Copper(II) oxide | 1 | – | – |
| 1 | Reduced | – | ||
| 5 | Oxidized | – |
Thermodynamic changes
Changes in standard condition
- Electrolysis of aqueous copper(II) nitrate with water as reducing agent
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 635.9 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | 635.9 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | 127.2 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | 635.9 | – | – | – |
| 635.9 | – | – | – | |
| 127.2 | – | – | – |
Changes in aqueous solution
- Electrolysis of aqueous copper(II) nitrate with water as reducing agent◆
ΔrG 542.8 kJ/mol K 0.80 × 10−95 pK 95.09
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 666.0 | 542.8 | 410.9 | – |
per 1 mol of | 666.0 | 542.8 | 410.9 | – |
per 1 mol of | 133.2 | 108.6 | 82.18 | – |
per 1 mol of | 666.0 | 542.8 | 410.9 | – |
| 666.0 | 542.8 | 410.9 | – | |
| 133.2 | 108.6 | 82.18 | – |
Thermodynamic data of reactants
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cu(NO3)2 (cr) | -302.9[1] | – | – | – |
| Cu(NO3)2 (ai) | -349.95[1] | -157.02[1] | 193.3[1] | – |
| Cu(NO3)2 (cr) 3 hydrate | -1217.1[1] | – | – | – |
| Cu(NO3)2 (cr) 6 hydrate | -2110.8[1] | – | – | – |
| H2O (cr) | – | – | – | – |
| H2O (l) | -285.830[1] | -237.129[1] | 69.91[1] | 75.291[1] |
| H2O (g) | -241.818[1] | -228.572[1] | 188.825[1] | 33.577[1] |
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (l):Liquid, (g):Gas
Thermodynamic data of products
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CuO (cr) | -157.3[1] | -129.7[1] | 42.63[1] | 42.30[1] |
| (g) | 0[1] | 0[1] | 191.61[1] | 29.125[1] |
| (l) | -187.78[1] | -120.35[1] | 109.6[1] | 89.1[1] |
| (g) | -136.31[1] | -105.57[1] | 232.7[1] | 43.1[1] |
| (ao) | -191.17[1] | -134.03[1] | 143.9[1] | – |
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (g):Gas, (l):Liquid, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution
References
List of references
- 1Janiel J. Reed (1989)The NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties: Selected Values for Inorganic and C1 and C2 Organic Substances in SI UnitsNational Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
- ^ ΔfH°, -302.9 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -349.95 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -157.02 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 193.3 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -1217.1 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -2110.8 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -285.830 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -237.129 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 69.91 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 75.291 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -241.818 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -228.572 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 188.825 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 33.577 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -157.3 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -129.7 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 42.63 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 42.30 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 191.61 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 29.125 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -187.78 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -120.35 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 109.6 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 89.1 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -136.31 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -105.57 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 232.7 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 43.1 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -191.17 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -134.03 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 143.9 J · K−1 · mol−1