CuSO4 + H2O ๐งโกโ Cu(OH)2 + S + O3โ
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- Electrolysis of aqueous copper(II) sulfate with water as non-redox agent
Electrolysis of aqueous copper(II) sulfate yields copper(II) hydroxide, , and (Other reactions are here). This reaction is an oxidation-reduction reaction and is classified as follows:
Table of contents
Reaction data
Chemical equation
- Electrolysis of aqueous copper(II) sulfate with water as non-redox agent
General equation
- Electrolysis of aqueous solution with water as non redox agent
- Miscible with water/Very soluble in water/Soluble in waterSelf redox agent + H2ONon-redox agent๐งโกโถ ProductOxidation product + ProductReduction product
Oxidation state of each atom
- Electrolysis of aqueous copper(II) sulfate with water as non-redox agent
Reactants
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CuSO4 | Copper(II) sulfate | 1 | Self redox agent | Soluble in water |
| H2O | Water | 1 | โ | Water |
Products
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cu(OH)2 | Copper(II) hydroxide | 1 | โ | โ |
| 1 | Reduced | โ | ||
| 1 | Oxidized | โ |
Thermodynamic changes
Changes in standard condition (1)
- Electrolysis of aqueous copper(II) sulfate with water as non-redox agent
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ฮrHยฐ kJ ยท molโ1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ฮrGยฐ kJ ยท molโ1 | Standard entropy of reaction ฮrSยฐ J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ฮrCpยฐ J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 750.1 | โ | โ | โ |
per 1 mol of | 750.1 | โ | โ | โ |
per 1 mol of | 750.1 | โ | โ | โ |
per 1 mol of | 750.1 | โ | โ | โ |
| 750.1 | โ | โ | โ | |
| 750.1 | โ | โ | โ |
Changes in standard condition (2)
- Electrolysis of aqueous copper(II) sulfate with water as non-redox agent
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ฮrHยฐ kJ ยท molโ1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ฮrGยฐ kJ ยท molโ1 | Standard entropy of reaction ฮrSยฐ J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ฮrCpยฐ J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 750.4 | โ | โ | โ |
per 1 mol of | 750.4 | โ | โ | โ |
per 1 mol of | 750.4 | โ | โ | โ |
per 1 mol of | 750.4 | โ | โ | โ |
| 750.4 | โ | โ | โ | |
| 750.4 | โ | โ | โ |
Changes in aqueous solution (1)
- Electrolysis of aqueous copper(II) sulfate with water as non-redox agentโ
ฮrG 843.5 kJ/mol K 0.17 ร 10โ147 pK 147.77
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ฮrHยฐ kJ ยท molโ1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ฮrGยฐ kJ ยท molโ1 | Standard entropy of reaction ฮrSยฐ J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ฮrCpยฐ J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | โ | 843.5 | โ | โ |
per 1 mol of | โ | 843.5 | โ | โ |
per 1 mol of | โ | 843.5 | โ | โ |
per 1 mol of | โ | 843.5 | โ | โ |
| โ | 843.5 | โ | โ | |
| โ | 843.5 | โ | โ |
Changes in aqueous solution (2)
- Electrolysis of aqueous copper(II) sulfate with water as non-redox agentโ
ฮrG 854.4 kJ/mol K 0.21 ร 10โ149 pK 149.68
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ฮrHยฐ kJ ยท molโ1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ฮrGยฐ kJ ยท molโ1 | Standard entropy of reaction ฮrSยฐ J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ฮrCpยฐ J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | โ | 854.4 | โ | โ |
per 1 mol of | โ | 854.4 | โ | โ |
per 1 mol of | โ | 854.4 | โ | โ |
per 1 mol of | โ | 854.4 | โ | โ |
| โ | 854.4 | โ | โ | |
| โ | 854.4 | โ | โ |
Changes in aqueous solution (3)
- Electrolysis of aqueous copper(II) sulfate with water as non-redox agentโ
ฮrG 813.1 kJ/mol K 0.36 ร 10โ142 pK 142.45
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ฮrHยฐ kJ ยท molโ1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ฮrGยฐ kJ ยท molโ1 | Standard entropy of reaction ฮrSยฐ J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ฮrCpยฐ J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 804.7 | 813.1 | โ29 | โ |
per 1 mol of | 804.7 | 813.1 | โ29 | โ |
per 1 mol of | 804.7 | 813.1 | โ29 | โ |
per 1 mol of | 804.7 | 813.1 | โ29 | โ |
| 804.7 | 813.1 | โ29 | โ | |
| 804.7 | 813.1 | โ29 | โ |
Changes in aqueous solution (4)
- Electrolysis of aqueous copper(II) sulfate with water as non-redox agentโ
ฮrG 824.0 kJ/mol K 0.44 ร 10โ144 pK 144.36
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ฮrHยฐ kJ ยท molโ1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ฮrGยฐ kJ ยท molโ1 | Standard entropy of reaction ฮrSยฐ J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ฮrCpยฐ J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 787.9 | 824.0 | โ122 | โ |
per 1 mol of | 787.9 | 824.0 | โ122 | โ |
per 1 mol of | 787.9 | 824.0 | โ122 | โ |
per 1 mol of | 787.9 | 824.0 | โ122 | โ |
| 787.9 | 824.0 | โ122 | โ | |
| 787.9 | 824.0 | โ122 | โ |
Thermodynamic data of reactants
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ฮfHยฐ kJ ยท molโ1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ฮfGยฐ kJ ยท molโ1 | Standard molar entropy Sยฐ J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cpยฐ J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CuSO4 (cr) | -771.36[1] | -661.8[1] | 109[1] | 100.0[1] |
| CuSO4 (ai) | -844.50[1] | -679.04[1] | -79.5[1] | โ |
| CuSO4 (ao) | โ | -692.18[1] | โ | โ |
| CuSO4 (cr) 1 hydrate | -1085.83[1] | -918.11[1] | 146.0[1] | 134[1] |
| CuSO4 (cr) 3 hydrate | -1684.31[1] | -1399.96[1] | 221.3[1] | 205[1] |
| CuSO4 (cr) 5 hydrate | -2279.65[1] | -1879.745[1] | 300.4[1] | 280[1] |
| H2O (cr) | โ | โ | โ | โ |
| H2O (l) | -285.830[1] | -237.129[1] | 69.91[1] | 75.291[1] |
| H2O (g) | -241.818[1] | -228.572[1] | 188.825[1] | 33.577[1] |
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution, (l):Liquid, (g):Gas
Thermodynamic data of products
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ฮfHยฐ kJ ยท molโ1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ฮfGยฐ kJ ยท molโ1 | Standard molar entropy Sยฐ J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cpยฐ J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cu(OH)2 (cr) | -449.8[1] | โ | โ | โ |
| Cu(OH)2 (ai) | -395.22[1] | -249.01[1] | -120.9[1] | โ |
| (cr) rhombic | 0[1] | 0[1] | 31.80[1] | 22.64[1] |
| (cr) monoclinic | 0.33[1] | โ | โ | โ |
| (g) | 278.805[1] | 238.250[1] | 167.821[1] | 23.673[1] |
| (g) | 142.7[1] | 163.2[1] | 238.93[1] | 39.20[1] |
| (ao) | 125.9[1] | 174.1[1] | 146[1] | โ |
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (g):Gas, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution
References
List of references
- 1Janiel J. Reed (1989)The NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties: Selected Values for Inorganic and C1 and C2 Organic Substances in SI UnitsNational Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
- ^ ฮfHยฐ, -771.36 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfGยฐ, -661.8 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ Sยฐ, 109. J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ Cpยฐ, 100.0 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfHยฐ, -844.50 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfGยฐ, -679.04 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ Sยฐ, -79.5 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfGยฐ, -692.18 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfHยฐ, -1085.83 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfGยฐ, -918.11 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ Sยฐ, 146.0 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ Cpยฐ, 134. J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfHยฐ, -1684.31 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfGยฐ, -1399.96 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ Sยฐ, 221.3 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ Cpยฐ, 205. J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfHยฐ, -2279.65 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfGยฐ, -1879.745 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ Sยฐ, 300.4 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ Cpยฐ, 280. J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfHยฐ, -285.830 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfGยฐ, -237.129 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ Sยฐ, 69.91 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ Cpยฐ, 75.291 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfHยฐ, -241.818 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfGยฐ, -228.572 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ Sยฐ, 188.825 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ Cpยฐ, 33.577 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfHยฐ, -449.8 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfHยฐ, -395.22 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfGยฐ, -249.01 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ Sยฐ, -120.9 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfHยฐ, 0 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfGยฐ, 0 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ Sยฐ, 31.80 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ Cpยฐ, 22.64 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfHยฐ, 0.33 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfHยฐ, 278.805 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfGยฐ, 238.250 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ Sยฐ, 167.821 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ Cpยฐ, 23.673 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfHยฐ, 142.7 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfGยฐ, 163.2 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ Sยฐ, 238.93 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ Cpยฐ, 39.20 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfHยฐ, 125.9 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfGยฐ, 174.1 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ Sยฐ, 146. J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1