HCN + 3H2O 💧⚡→ HNO2 + CO↑ + 3H2↑
Last updated:
- Electrolysis of aqueous hydrogen cyanide with water as oxidizing agent
Electrolysis of aqueous hydrogen cyanide yields nitrous acid, carbon monoxide, and (Other reactions are here). This reaction is an oxidation-reduction reaction and is classified as follows:
Table of contents
Reaction data
Chemical equation
- Electrolysis of aqueous hydrogen cyanide with water as oxidizing agent
General equation
- Electrolysis of aqueous solution with water as oxidizing agent
- Miscible with water/Very soluble in water/Soluble in waterReducing agent + H2OOxidizing agent💧⚡⟶ ProductOxidation product + ProductReduction product
Oxidation state of each atom
- Electrolysis of aqueous hydrogen cyanide with water as oxidizing agent
Reactants
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HCN | Hydrogen cyanide | 1 | Reducing | Miscible with water |
| H2O | Water | 3 | Oxidizing | Water |
Products
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HNO2 | Nitrous acid | 1 | Oxidized | – |
| CO | Carbon monoxide | 1 | – | – |
| 3 | Reduced | – |
Thermodynamic changes
Changes in standard condition (1)
- Electrolysis of aqueous hydrogen cyanide with water as oxidizing agent◆
ΔrG 351.2 kJ/mol K 0.30 × 10−61 pK 61.53
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 477.2 | 351.2 | 421.5 | – |
per 1 mol of | 477.2 | 351.2 | 421.5 | – |
per 1 mol of | 159.1 | 117.1 | 140.5 | – |
per 1 mol of | 477.2 | 351.2 | 421.5 | – |
per 1 mol of | 477.2 | 351.2 | 421.5 | – |
| 159.1 | 117.1 | 140.5 | – |
Changes in standard condition (2)
- Electrolysis of aqueous hydrogen cyanide with water as oxidizing agent◆
ΔrG 404.0 kJ/mol K 0.17 × 10−70 pK 70.78
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 464.6 | 404.0 | 1760 | – |
per 1 mol of | 464.6 | 404.0 | 1760 | – |
per 1 mol of | 154.9 | 134.7 | 586.7 | – |
per 1 mol of | 464.6 | 404.0 | 1760 | – |
per 1 mol of | 464.6 | 404.0 | 1760 | – |
| 154.9 | 134.7 | 586.7 | – |
Changes in standard condition (3)
- Electrolysis of aqueous hydrogen cyanide with water as oxidizing agent◆
ΔrG 368.5 kJ/mol K 0.28 × 10−64 pK 64.56
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 466.7 | 368.5 | 328.4 | – |
per 1 mol of | 466.7 | 368.5 | 328.4 | – |
per 1 mol of | 155.6 | 122.8 | 109.5 | – |
per 1 mol of | 466.7 | 368.5 | 328.4 | – |
per 1 mol of | 466.7 | 368.5 | 328.4 | – |
| 155.6 | 122.8 | 109.5 | – |
Changes in standard condition (4)
- Electrolysis of aqueous hydrogen cyanide with water as oxidizing agent◆
ΔrG 421.3 kJ/mol K 0.16 × 10−73 pK 73.81
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 454.1 | 421.3 | 1667 | – |
per 1 mol of | 454.1 | 421.3 | 1667 | – |
per 1 mol of | 151.4 | 140.4 | 555.7 | – |
per 1 mol of | 454.1 | 421.3 | 1667 | – |
per 1 mol of | 454.1 | 421.3 | 1667 | – |
| 151.4 | 140.4 | 555.7 | – |
Changes in standard condition (5)
- Electrolysis of aqueous hydrogen cyanide with water as oxidizing agent◆
ΔrG 403.9 kJ/mol K 0.17 × 10−70 pK 70.76
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 520.7 | 403.9 | 390.9 | – |
per 1 mol of | 520.7 | 403.9 | 390.9 | – |
per 1 mol of | 173.6 | 134.6 | 130.3 | – |
per 1 mol of | 520.7 | 403.9 | 390.9 | – |
per 1 mol of | 520.7 | 403.9 | 390.9 | – |
| 173.6 | 134.6 | 130.3 | – |
Changes in standard condition (6)
- Electrolysis of aqueous hydrogen cyanide with water as oxidizing agent◆
ΔrG 456.7 kJ/mol K 0.98 × 10−80 pK 80.01
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 508.1 | 456.7 | 1730 | – |
per 1 mol of | 508.1 | 456.7 | 1730 | – |
per 1 mol of | 169.4 | 152.2 | 576.7 | – |
per 1 mol of | 508.1 | 456.7 | 1730 | – |
per 1 mol of | 508.1 | 456.7 | 1730 | – |
| 169.4 | 152.2 | 576.7 | – |
Changes in standard condition (7)
- Electrolysis of aqueous hydrogen cyanide with water as oxidizing agent◆
ΔrG 421.2 kJ/mol K 0.16 × 10−73 pK 73.79
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 510.2 | 421.2 | 297.8 | – |
per 1 mol of | 510.2 | 421.2 | 297.8 | – |
per 1 mol of | 170.1 | 140.4 | 99.27 | – |
per 1 mol of | 510.2 | 421.2 | 297.8 | – |
per 1 mol of | 510.2 | 421.2 | 297.8 | – |
| 170.1 | 140.4 | 99.27 | – |
Changes in standard condition (8)
- Electrolysis of aqueous hydrogen cyanide with water as oxidizing agent◆
ΔrG 474.0 kJ/mol K 0.91 × 10−83 pK 83.04
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 497.6 | 474.0 | 1637 | – |
per 1 mol of | 497.6 | 474.0 | 1637 | – |
per 1 mol of | 165.9 | 158.0 | 545.7 | – |
per 1 mol of | 497.6 | 474.0 | 1637 | – |
per 1 mol of | 497.6 | 474.0 | 1637 | – |
| 165.9 | 158.0 | 545.7 | – |
Thermodynamic data of reactants
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HCN (l) | 108.87[1] | 124.97[1] | 112.84[1] | 70.63[1] |
| HCN (g) | 135.1[1] | 124.7[1] | 201.78[1] | 35.86[1] |
| HCN (ai) | 150.6[1] | 172.4[1] | 94.1[1] | – |
| HCN (ao) | 107.1[1] | 119.7[1] | 124.7[1] | – |
| H2O (cr) | – | – | – | – |
| H2O (l) | -285.830[1] | -237.129[1] | 69.91[1] | 75.291[1] |
| H2O (g) | -241.818[1] | -228.572[1] | 188.825[1] | 33.577[1] |
* (l):Liquid, (g):Gas, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution, (cr):Crystalline solid
Thermodynamic data of products
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HNO2 (g) cis | -77.99[1] | -42.94[1] | 248.76[1] | 44.77[1] |
| HNO2 (g) trans | -80.12[1] | -45.24[1] | 249.22[1] | 46.07[1] |
| HNO2 (g) | -79.5[1] | -46.0[1] | 254.1[1] | 45.6[1] |
| HNO2 (ao) | -119.2[1] | -50.6[1] | 135.6[1] | – |
| CO (g) | -110.525[1] | -137.168[1] | 197.674[1] | 29.142[1] |
| CO (ao) | -120.96[1] | -119.90[1] | 104.6[1] | – |
| (g) | 0[1] | 0[1] | 130.684[1] | 28.824[1] |
| (ao) | -4.2[1] | 17.6[1] | 577[1] | – |
* (g):Gas, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution
References
List of references
- 1Janiel J. Reed (1989)The NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties: Selected Values for Inorganic and C1 and C2 Organic Substances in SI UnitsNational Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
- ^ ΔfH°, 108.87 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 124.97 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 112.84 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 70.63 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 135.1 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 124.7 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 201.78 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 35.86 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 150.6 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 172.4 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 94.1 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 107.1 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 119.7 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 124.7 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -285.830 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -237.129 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 69.91 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 75.291 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -241.818 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -228.572 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 188.825 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 33.577 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -77.99 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -42.94 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 248.76 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 44.77 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -80.12 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -45.24 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 249.22 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 46.07 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -79.5 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -46.0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 254.1 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 45.6 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -119.2 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -50.6 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 135.6 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -110.525 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -137.168 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 197.674 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 29.142 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -120.96 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -119.90 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 104.6 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 130.684 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 28.824 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -4.2 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 17.6 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 577 J · K−1 · mol−1