NaHCO3 💧⚡→ NaOH + O2↑ + C
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- Electrolysis of aqueous sodium hydrogencarbonate without water as reactant
Electrolysis of aqueous sodium hydrogencarbonate yields sodium hydroxide, , and (Other reactions are here). This reaction is an oxidation-reduction reaction and is classified as follows:
Table of contents
Reaction data
Chemical equation
- Electrolysis of aqueous sodium hydrogencarbonate without water as reactant
General equation
- Electrolysis of aqueous solution without water as reactant
- Miscible with water/Very soluble in water/Soluble in waterSelf redox agent💧⚡⟶ ProductOxidation product + ProductReduction product
Oxidation state of each atom
- Electrolysis of aqueous sodium hydrogencarbonate without water as reactant
Reactants
Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
---|---|---|---|---|
NaHCO3 | Sodium hydrogencarbonate | 1 | Self redox agent | Soluble in water |
Products
Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
---|---|---|---|---|
NaOH | Sodium hydroxide | 1 | – | – |
1 | Oxidized | – | ||
1 | Reduced | – |
Thermodynamic changes
Changes in standard condition (1)
- Electrolysis of aqueous sodium hydrogencarbonate without water as reactant◆
ΔrG 471.5 kJ/mol K 0.25 × 10−82 pK 82.60
Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 525.20 | 471.5 | 173.6 | 9.81 |
per 1 mol of | 525.20 | 471.5 | 173.6 | 9.81 |
per 1 mol of | 525.20 | 471.5 | 173.6 | 9.81 |
525.20 | 471.5 | 173.6 | 9.81 | |
525.20 | 471.5 | 173.6 | 9.81 |
Changes in standard condition (2)
- Electrolysis of aqueous sodium hydrogencarbonate without water as reactant◆
ΔrG 474.4 kJ/mol K 0.77 × 10−83 pK 83.11
Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 527.10 | 474.4 | 170.3 | 7.40 |
per 1 mol of | 527.10 | 474.4 | 170.3 | 7.40 |
per 1 mol of | 527.10 | 474.4 | 170.3 | 7.40 |
527.10 | 474.4 | 170.3 | 7.40 | |
527.10 | 474.4 | 170.3 | 7.40 |
Changes in aqueous solution (1)
- Electrolysis of aqueous sodium hydrogencarbonate without water as reactant◆
ΔrG 429.51 kJ/mol K 0.57 × 10−75 pK 75.25
Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 462.00 | 429.51 | 108.8 | – |
per 1 mol of | 462.00 | 429.51 | 108.8 | – |
per 1 mol of | 462.00 | 429.51 | 108.8 | – |
462.00 | 429.51 | 108.8 | – | |
462.00 | 429.51 | 108.8 | – |
Changes in aqueous solution (2)
- Electrolysis of aqueous sodium hydrogencarbonate without water as reactant◆
ΔrG 445.9 kJ/mol K 0.76 × 10−78 pK 78.12
Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 450.3 | 445.9 | 14.5 | – |
per 1 mol of | 450.3 | 445.9 | 14.5 | – |
per 1 mol of | 450.3 | 445.9 | 14.5 | – |
450.3 | 445.9 | 14.5 | – | |
450.3 | 445.9 | 14.5 | – |
Changes in aqueous solution (3)
- Electrolysis of aqueous sodium hydrogencarbonate without water as reactant◆
ΔrG 430.6 kJ/mol K 0.36 × 10−75 pK 75.44
Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 473.8 | 430.6 | 145.2 | – |
per 1 mol of | 473.8 | 430.6 | 145.2 | – |
per 1 mol of | 473.8 | 430.6 | 145.2 | – |
473.8 | 430.6 | 145.2 | – | |
473.8 | 430.6 | 145.2 | – |
Changes in aqueous solution (4)
- Electrolysis of aqueous sodium hydrogencarbonate without water as reactant◆
ΔrG 447.0 kJ/mol K 0.49 × 10−78 pK 78.31
Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 462.1 | 447.0 | 50.9 | – |
per 1 mol of | 462.1 | 447.0 | 50.9 | – |
per 1 mol of | 462.1 | 447.0 | 50.9 | – |
462.1 | 447.0 | 50.9 | – | |
462.1 | 447.0 | 50.9 | – |
Thermodynamic data of reactants
Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
---|---|---|---|---|
NaHCO3 (cr) | -950.81[1] | -851.0[1] | 101.7[1] | 87.61[1] |
NaHCO3 (ai) | -932.11[1] | -848.66[1] | 150.2[1] | – |
NaHCO3 (ao) | -943.9[1] | -849.7[1] | 113.8[1] | – |
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution
Thermodynamic data of products
Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
---|---|---|---|---|
NaOH (cr) | -425.609[1] | -379.494[1] | 64.455[1] | 59.54[1] |
NaOH (g) | -207.1[1] | -210.0[1] | 228.43[1] | 48.37[1] |
NaOH (ai) | -470.114[1] | -419.150[1] | 48.1[1] | -102.1[1] |
NaOH (cr) 1 hydrate | -734.543[1] | -629.338[1] | 99.50[1] | 90.17[1] |
NaOH (l) 2 hydrate | -1019.076[1] | -873.091[1] | 195.979[1] | 239.41[1] |
NaOH (l) 3.5 hydrate | -1459.798[1] | -1236.356[1] | 286.089[1] | 354.43[1] |
NaOH (l) 4 hydrate | -1605.15[1] | -1356.64[1] | 318.70[1] | – |
NaOH (l) 5 hydrate | -1894.31[1] | -1596.34[1] | 386.06[1] | – |
NaOH (l) 7 hydrate | -2469.02[1] | -2073.80[1] | 526.31[1] | – |
(g) | 0[1] | 0[1] | 205.138[1] | 29.355[1] |
(ao) | -11.7[1] | 16.4[1] | 110.9[1] | – |
(cr) graphite | 0[1] | 0[1] | 5.740[1] | 8.527[1] |
(cr) diamond | 1.895[1] | 2.900[1] | 2.377[1] | 6.113[1] |
(g) | 716.682[1] | 671.257[1] | 158.096[1] | 20.838[1] |
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (g):Gas, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (l):Liquid, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution
References
List of references
- 1Janiel J. Reed (1989)The NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties: Selected Values for Inorganic and C1 and C2 Organic Substances in SI UnitsNational Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
- ^ ΔfH°, -950.81 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -851.0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 101.7 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 87.61 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -932.11 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -848.66 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 150.2 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -943.9 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -849.7 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 113.8 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -425.609 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -379.494 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 64.455 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 59.54 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -207.1 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -210.0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 228.43 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 48.37 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -470.114 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -419.150 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 48.1 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, -102.1 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -734.543 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -629.338 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 99.50 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 90.17 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -1019.076 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -873.091 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 195.979 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 239.41 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -1459.798 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -1236.356 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 286.089 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 354.43 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -1605.15 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -1356.64 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 318.70 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -1894.31 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -1596.34 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 386.06 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -2469.02 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -2073.80 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 526.31 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 205.138 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 29.355 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -11.7 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 16.4 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 110.9 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 5.740 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 8.527 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 1.895 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 2.900 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 2.377 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 6.113 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 716.682 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 671.257 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 158.096 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 20.838 J · K−1 · mol−1