2MnCl2 + 3H2O 💧⚡→ Mn2O3 + 2Cl2↑ + 3H2↑
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- Electrolysis of aqueous manganese(II) chloride with water as oxidizing agent
Electrolysis of aqueous manganese(II) chloride yields manganese(III) oxide, , and (Other reactions are here). This reaction is an oxidation-reduction reaction and is classified as follows:
Table of contents
Reaction data
Chemical equation
- Electrolysis of aqueous manganese(II) chloride with water as oxidizing agent
General equation
- Electrolysis of aqueous solution with water as oxidizing agent
- Miscible with water/Very soluble in water/Soluble in waterReducing agent + H2OOxidizing agent💧⚡⟶ ProductOxidation product + ProductReduction product
Oxidation state of each atom
- Electrolysis of aqueous manganese(II) chloride with water as oxidizing agent
Reactants
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| MnCl2 | Manganese(II) chloride | 2 | Reducing | Very soluble in water |
| H2O | Water | 3 | Oxidizing | Water |
Products
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mn2O3 | Manganese(III) oxide | 1 | Oxidized | – |
| 2 | Oxidized | – | ||
| 3 | Reduced | – |
Thermodynamic changes
Changes in standard condition
- Electrolysis of aqueous manganese(II) chloride with water as oxidizing agent◆
ΔrG 711.3 kJ/mol K 0.24 × 10−124 pK 124.61
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 861.1 | 711.3 | 502.5 | −109.80 |
per 1 mol of | 430.6 | 355.6 | 251.3 | −54.900 |
per 1 mol of | 287.0 | 237.1 | 167.5 | −36.600 |
per 1 mol of | 861.1 | 711.3 | 502.5 | −109.80 |
| 430.6 | 355.6 | 251.3 | −54.900 | |
| 287.0 | 237.1 | 167.5 | −36.600 |
Changes in aqueous solution (1)
- Electrolysis of aqueous manganese(II) chloride with water as oxidizing agent◆
ΔrG 811.9 kJ/mol K 0.58 × 10−142 pK 142.24
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 1008.6 | 811.9 | 661.2 | 480 |
per 1 mol of | 504.30 | 405.9 | 330.6 | 240 |
per 1 mol of | 336.20 | 270.6 | 220.4 | 160 |
per 1 mol of | 1008.6 | 811.9 | 661.2 | 480 |
| 504.30 | 405.9 | 330.6 | 240 | |
| 336.20 | 270.6 | 220.4 | 160 |
Changes in aqueous solution (2)
- Electrolysis of aqueous manganese(II) chloride with water as oxidizing agent◆
ΔrG 864.7 kJ/mol K 0.32 × 10−151 pK 151.49
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 996.0 | 864.7 | 2000 | – |
per 1 mol of | 498.0 | 432.4 | 1000 | – |
per 1 mol of | 332.0 | 288.2 | 666.7 | – |
per 1 mol of | 996.0 | 864.7 | 2000 | – |
| 498.0 | 432.4 | 1000 | – | |
| 332.0 | 288.2 | 666.7 | – |
Changes in aqueous solution (3)
- Electrolysis of aqueous manganese(II) chloride with water as oxidizing agent◆
ΔrG 825.8 kJ/mol K 0.21 × 10−144 pK 144.67
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 961.8 | 825.8 | 457 | – |
per 1 mol of | 480.9 | 412.9 | 229 | – |
per 1 mol of | 320.6 | 275.3 | 152 | – |
per 1 mol of | 961.8 | 825.8 | 457 | – |
| 480.9 | 412.9 | 229 | – | |
| 320.6 | 275.3 | 152 | – |
Changes in aqueous solution (4)
- Electrolysis of aqueous manganese(II) chloride with water as oxidizing agent◆
ΔrG 878.6 kJ/mol K 0.12 × 10−153 pK 153.92
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 949.2 | 878.6 | 1796 | – |
per 1 mol of | 474.6 | 439.3 | 898.0 | – |
per 1 mol of | 316.4 | 292.9 | 598.7 | – |
per 1 mol of | 949.2 | 878.6 | 1796 | – |
| 474.6 | 439.3 | 898.0 | – | |
| 316.4 | 292.9 | 598.7 | – |
Changes in aqueous solution (5)
- Electrolysis of aqueous manganese(II) chloride with water as oxidizing agent◆
ΔrG 814.3 kJ/mol K 0.22 × 10−142 pK 142.66
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | – | 814.3 | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | 407.1 | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | 271.4 | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | 814.3 | – | – |
| – | 407.1 | – | – | |
| – | 271.4 | – | – |
Changes in aqueous solution (6)
- Electrolysis of aqueous manganese(II) chloride with water as oxidizing agent◆
ΔrG 867.1 kJ/mol K 0.12 × 10−151 pK 151.91
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | – | 867.1 | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | 433.6 | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | 289.0 | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | 867.1 | – | – |
| – | 433.6 | – | – | |
| – | 289.0 | – | – |
Changes in aqueous solution (7)
- Electrolysis of aqueous manganese(II) chloride with water as oxidizing agent◆
ΔrG 828.2 kJ/mol K 0.80 × 10−145 pK 145.09
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | – | 828.2 | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | 414.1 | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | 276.1 | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | 828.2 | – | – |
| – | 414.1 | – | – | |
| – | 276.1 | – | – |
Changes in aqueous solution (8)
- Electrolysis of aqueous manganese(II) chloride with water as oxidizing agent◆
ΔrG 881.0 kJ/mol K 0.45 × 10−154 pK 154.34
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | – | 881.0 | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | 440.5 | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | 293.7 | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | 881.0 | – | – |
| – | 440.5 | – | – | |
| – | 293.7 | – | – |
Thermodynamic data of reactants
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| MnCl2 (cr) | -481.29[1] | -440.50[1] | 118.24[1] | 72.93[1] |
| MnCl2 (g) | -263.6[1] | – | – | – |
| MnCl2 (ai) | -555.05[1] | -490.8[1] | 38.9[1] | -222[1] |
| MnCl2 (ao) | – | -492.0[1] | – | – |
| MnCl2 (cr) 1 hydrate | -789.9[1] | -696.1[1] | 174.1[1] | – |
| MnCl2 (cr) 2 hydrate | -1092.0[1] | -942.1[1] | 218.8[1] | – |
| MnCl2 (cr) 4 hydrate | -1687.4[1] | -1423.6[1] | 303.3[1] | – |
| H2O (cr) | – | – | – | – |
| H2O (l) | -285.830[1] | -237.129[1] | 69.91[1] | 75.291[1] |
| H2O (g) | -241.818[1] | -228.572[1] | 188.825[1] | 33.577[1] |
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (g):Gas, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution, (l):Liquid
Thermodynamic data of products
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mn2O3 (cr) | -959.0[1] | -881.1[1] | 110.5[1] | 107.65[1] |
| (g) | 0[1] | 0[1] | 223.066[1] | 33.907[1] |
| (ao) | -23.4[1] | 6.94[1] | 121[1] | – |
| (g) | 0[1] | 0[1] | 130.684[1] | 28.824[1] |
| (ao) | -4.2[1] | 17.6[1] | 577[1] | – |
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (g):Gas, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution
References
List of references
- 1Janiel J. Reed (1989)The NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties: Selected Values for Inorganic and C1 and C2 Organic Substances in SI UnitsNational Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
- ^ ΔfH°, -481.29 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -440.50 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 118.24 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 72.93 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -263.6 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -555.05 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -490.8 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 38.9 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, -222. J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -492.0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -789.9 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -696.1 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 174.1 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -1092.0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -942.1 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 218.8 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -1687.4 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -1423.6 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 303.3 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -285.830 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -237.129 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 69.91 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 75.291 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -241.818 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -228.572 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 188.825 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 33.577 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -959.0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -881.1 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 110.5 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 107.65 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 223.066 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 33.907 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -23.4 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 6.94 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 121. J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 130.684 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 28.824 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -4.2 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 17.6 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 577 J · K−1 · mol−1