3CuSO4 💧⚡→ 3Cu + 3S + 4O3↑
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- Electrolysis of aqueous copper(II) sulfate without water as reactant
Electrolysis of aqueous copper(II) sulfate yields , , and (Other reactions are here). This reaction is an oxidation-reduction reaction and is classified as follows:
Table of contents
Reaction data
Chemical equation
- Electrolysis of aqueous copper(II) sulfate without water as reactant
General equation
- Electrolysis of aqueous solution without water as reactant
- Miscible with water/Very soluble in water/Soluble in waterSelf redox agent💧⚡⟶ ProductOxidation product + ProductReduction product
Oxidation state of each atom
- Electrolysis of aqueous copper(II) sulfate without water as reactant
Reactants
Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
---|---|---|---|---|
CuSO4 | Copper(II) sulfate | 3 | Self redox agent | Soluble in water |
Products
Thermodynamic changes
Changes in standard condition (1)
- Electrolysis of aqueous copper(II) sulfate without water as reactant◆
ΔrG 2638.2 kJ/mol K 0.64 × 10−462 pK 462.19
Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 2884.9 | 2638.2 | 824 | −2.0 |
per 1 mol of | 961.63 | 879.40 | 275 | −0.67 |
961.63 | 879.40 | 275 | −0.67 | |
961.63 | 879.40 | 275 | −0.67 | |
721.23 | 659.55 | 206 | −0.50 |
Changes in standard condition (2)
- Electrolysis of aqueous copper(II) sulfate without water as reactant
Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 2885.9 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | 961.97 | – | – | – |
961.97 | – | – | – | |
961.97 | – | – | – | |
721.48 | – | – | – |
Changes in aqueous solution (1)
- Electrolysis of aqueous copper(II) sulfate without water as reactant◆
ΔrG 2729.3 kJ/mol K 0.70 × 10−478 pK 478.15
Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | – | 2729.3 | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | 909.77 | – | – |
– | 909.77 | – | – | |
– | 909.77 | – | – | |
– | 682.33 | – | – |
Changes in aqueous solution (2)
- Electrolysis of aqueous copper(II) sulfate without water as reactant◆
ΔrG 2772.9 kJ/mol K 0.16 × 10−485 pK 485.79 - 3CuSO4Un-ionized aqueous solution3Crystalline solid + 3Crystalline solidrhombic + 4↑Un-ionized aqueous solution💧⚡⟶
Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | – | 2772.9 | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | 924.30 | – | – |
– | 924.30 | – | – | |
– | 924.30 | – | – | |
– | 693.23 | – | – |
Changes in aqueous solution (3)
- Electrolysis of aqueous copper(II) sulfate without water as reactant◆
ΔrG 2638.2 kJ/mol K 0.64 × 10−462 pK 462.19
Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 2884.9 | 2638.2 | 824 | −2.0 |
per 1 mol of | 961.63 | 879.40 | 275 | −0.67 |
961.63 | 879.40 | 275 | −0.67 | |
961.63 | 879.40 | 275 | −0.67 | |
721.23 | 659.55 | 206 | −0.50 |
Changes in aqueous solution (4)
- Electrolysis of aqueous copper(II) sulfate without water as reactant◆
ΔrG 2681.8 kJ/mol K 0.15 × 10−469 pK 469.83 - 3CuSO4Crystalline solid3Crystalline solid + 3Crystalline solidrhombic + 4↑Un-ionized aqueous solution💧⚡⟶
Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 2817.7 | 2681.8 | 452 | – |
per 1 mol of | 939.23 | 893.93 | 151 | – |
939.23 | 893.93 | 151 | – | |
939.23 | 893.93 | 151 | – | |
704.42 | 670.45 | 113 | – |
Thermodynamic data of reactants
Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
---|---|---|---|---|
CuSO4 (cr) | -771.36[1] | -661.8[1] | 109[1] | 100.0[1] |
CuSO4 (ai) | -844.50[1] | -679.04[1] | -79.5[1] | – |
CuSO4 (ao) | – | -692.18[1] | – | – |
CuSO4 (cr) 1 hydrate | -1085.83[1] | -918.11[1] | 146.0[1] | 134[1] |
CuSO4 (cr) 3 hydrate | -1684.31[1] | -1399.96[1] | 221.3[1] | 205[1] |
CuSO4 (cr) 5 hydrate | -2279.65[1] | -1879.745[1] | 300.4[1] | 280[1] |
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution
Thermodynamic data of products
Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
---|---|---|---|---|
(cr) | 0[1] | 0[1] | 33.150[1] | 24.435[1] |
(g) | 338.32[1] | 298.58[1] | 166.38[1] | 20.786[1] |
(cr) rhombic | 0[1] | 0[1] | 31.80[1] | 22.64[1] |
(cr) monoclinic | 0.33[1] | – | – | – |
(g) | 278.805[1] | 238.250[1] | 167.821[1] | 23.673[1] |
(g) | 142.7[1] | 163.2[1] | 238.93[1] | 39.20[1] |
(ao) | 125.9[1] | 174.1[1] | 146[1] | – |
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (g):Gas, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution
References
List of references
- 1Janiel J. Reed (1989)The NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties: Selected Values for Inorganic and C1 and C2 Organic Substances in SI UnitsNational Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
- ^ ΔfH°, -771.36 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -661.8 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 109. J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 100.0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -844.50 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -679.04 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, -79.5 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -692.18 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -1085.83 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -918.11 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 146.0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 134. J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -1684.31 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -1399.96 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 221.3 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 205. J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -2279.65 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -1879.745 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 300.4 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 280. J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 33.150 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 24.435 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 338.32 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 298.58 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 166.38 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 20.786 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 31.80 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 22.64 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 0.33 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 278.805 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 238.250 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 167.821 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 23.673 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 142.7 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 163.2 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 238.93 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 39.20 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 125.9 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 174.1 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 146. J · K−1 · mol−1