5HClO 💧⚡→ 2ClO2↑ + 3HCl↑ + H2O
Last updated:
- Electrolysis of aqueous hypochlorous acid without water as reactant
Electrolysis of aqueous hypochlorous acid yields chlorine dioxide, hydrogen chloride, and water (Other reactions are here). This reaction is an oxidation-reduction reaction and is classified as follows:
Table of contents
Reaction data
Chemical equation
- Electrolysis of aqueous hypochlorous acid without water as reactant
General equation
- Electrolysis of aqueous solution without water as reactant
- Miscible with water/Very soluble in water/Soluble in waterSelf redox agent💧⚡⟶ ProductOxidation product + ProductReduction product
Oxidation state of each atom
- Electrolysis of aqueous hypochlorous acid without water as reactant
Reactants
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HClO | Hypochlorous acid | 5 | – | Soluble in water |
Products
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ClO2 | Chlorine dioxide | 2 | Oxidized | – |
| HCl | Hydrogen chloride | 3 | Reduced | – |
| H2O | Water | 1 | – | – |
Thermodynamic changes
Changes in standard condition (1)
- Electrolysis of aqueous hypochlorous acid without water as reactant◆
ΔrG 117.5 kJ/mol K 0.26 × 10−20 pK 20.59
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 246.7 | 117.5 | 434 | – |
per 1 mol of | 49.34 | 23.50 | 86.8 | – |
per 1 mol of | 123.3 | 58.75 | 217 | – |
per 1 mol of | 82.23 | 39.17 | 145 | – |
per 1 mol of | 246.7 | 117.5 | 434 | – |
Changes in standard condition (2)
- Electrolysis of aqueous hypochlorous acid without water as reactant◆
ΔrG 9.7 kJ/mol K 0.20 × 10−1 pK 1.70
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 22.2 | 9.7 | 43 | – |
per 1 mol of | 4.44 | 1.9 | 8.6 | – |
per 1 mol of | 11.1 | 4.8 | 22 | – |
per 1 mol of | 7.40 | 3.2 | 14 | – |
per 1 mol of | 22.2 | 9.7 | 43 | – |
Changes in standard condition (3)
- Electrolysis of aqueous hypochlorous acid without water as reactant◆
ΔrG 116.7 kJ/mol K 0.36 × 10−20 pK 20.44
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 191.5 | 116.7 | 250 | – |
per 1 mol of | 38.30 | 23.34 | 50.0 | – |
per 1 mol of | 95.75 | 58.35 | 125 | – |
per 1 mol of | 63.83 | 38.90 | 83.3 | – |
per 1 mol of | 191.5 | 116.7 | 250 | – |
Changes in standard condition (4)
- Electrolysis of aqueous hypochlorous acid without water as reactant◆
ΔrG 8.9 kJ/mol K 0.28 × 10−1 pK 1.56
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | −33.0 | 8.9 | −141 | – |
per 1 mol of | −6.60 | 1.8 | −28.2 | – |
per 1 mol of | −16.5 | 4.5 | −70.5 | – |
per 1 mol of | −11.0 | 3.0 | −47.0 | – |
per 1 mol of | −33.0 | 8.9 | −141 | – |
Thermodynamic data of reactants
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HClO (g) | -78.7[1] | -66.1[1] | 236.67[1] | 37.15[1] |
| HClO (ao) | -120.9[1] | -79.9[1] | 142[1] | – |
* (g):Gas, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution
Thermodynamic data of products
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ClO2 (g) | 102.5[1] | 120.5[1] | 256.84[1] | 41.97[1] |
| ClO2 (ao) | 74.9[1] | 120.1[1] | 164.8[1] | – |
| HCl (g) | -92.307[1] | -95.299[1] | 186.908[1] | 29.12[1] |
| HCl (ai) | -167.159[1] | -131.228[1] | 56.5[1] | -136.4[1] |
| H2O (cr) | – | – | – | – |
| H2O (l) | -285.830[1] | -237.129[1] | 69.91[1] | 75.291[1] |
| H2O (g) | -241.818[1] | -228.572[1] | 188.825[1] | 33.577[1] |
* (g):Gas, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (cr):Crystalline solid, (l):Liquid
References
List of references
- 1Janiel J. Reed (1989)The NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties: Selected Values for Inorganic and C1 and C2 Organic Substances in SI UnitsNational Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
- ^ ΔfH°, -78.7 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -66.1 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 236.67 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 37.15 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -120.9 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -79.9 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 142. J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 102.5 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 120.5 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 256.84 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 41.97 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 74.9 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 120.1 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 164.8 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -92.307 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -95.299 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 186.908 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 29.12 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -167.159 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -131.228 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 56.5 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, -136.4 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -285.830 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -237.129 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 69.91 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 75.291 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -241.818 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -228.572 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 188.825 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 33.577 J · K−1 · mol−1