Ammonium hydrogencarbonate
Ammonium hydrogencarbonate is an inorganic compound with formula NH4HCO3.
- 1Names
- 2Formulae and structures
- 3Properties
- 4Constituents
- 5Thermodynamic properties
- 6Solubility
- 7Preparations
- 8Chemical reactions
- 9References
- 10Related substances
- 11Related categories
Names
List of substance names
- Typical name
- Ammonium hydrogencarbonate
- Compositional nomenclature
- Ammonium hydrogencarbonate
- Substitutive nomenclature
- Azanium hydrogencarbonate
- Additive nomenclature
- Ammonium hydroxidodioxidocarbonate(1−)
- Hydrogen nomenclature
- Ammonium hydrogen(trioxidocarbonate)(1−)
- IUPAC acceptable common names
- Ammonium hydrogencarbonate
- Other names
- Ammonium bicarbonate
Formulae and structures
List of formulae
- Typical formula
- NH4HCO3
- Compositional formula
- NH4HCO3
- Structural formula
- Structural formula with no conjugation
- Lewis structure
- Colored Lewis structure
Properties
List of substance properties
Constituents
Constituent ions
| Ion | Name | Charge number | Number |
|---|---|---|---|
| NH4+ | Ammonium ion | 1 | 1 |
| HCO3− | Hydrogencarbonate ion | -1 | 1 |
Constituent atoms
| Atom | Name | Oxidation state | Number |
|---|---|---|---|
| N | Nitrogen | −3 | 1 |
| H | Hydrogen | +1 | 5 |
| C | Carbon | +4 | 1 |
| O | Oxygen | −2 | 3 |
Ratio of atoms
| Atom | Atomic weight | Number | Atomic ratio | Weight ratio |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | 14.007 | 1 | 10.00% | 17.72% |
| H | 1.008 | 5 | 50.00% | 6.38% |
| C | 12.011 | 1 | 10.00% | 15.19% |
| O | 15.999 | 3 | 30.00% | 60.71% |
Thermodynamic properties
Phase transition properties
- Enthalpy of fusion
- –
- Enthalpy of vaporization
- –
- Enthalpy of vaporization at 25°C
- –
- Enthalpy of other transition
- –
Standard thermodynamic properties
State | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Crystalline solid | −849.4[3] | −665.9[3] | 120.9[3] | – |
| Ionized aqueous solution | −824.50[3] | −666.07[3] | 204.6[3] | – |
| Aqueous solution | −821.7[3] | – | – | – |
Solubility
Qualitative solubility
Solubility in water (g/100 g)[1]
| 0°C | 10°C | 20°C | 30°C | 40°C | 60°C | 80°C | 90°C | 100°C |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 11.9 | 16.1 | 21.7 | 28.4 | 36.6 | 59.2 | 109 | 170 | 354 |
Solubility in water (g/100 g)[4]
| 0°C | 5°C | 10°C | 15°C | 20°C | 25°C | 30°C |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 11.9 | 13.7 | 15.8 | 18.3 | 21 | 23.9 | 27 |
Solubility in glycerol (g/100 mL)[1]
| 25°C |
|---|
| 10 |
Solubility curve (g/100 g)
Solubility curve (g/100 mL)
Preparations
Reaction of acid and base
The reaction of acid and base can yield ammonium hydrogencarbonate.
Reaction of base, acidic oxide, and water
The reaction of ammonia, carbon dioxide, and water yields ammonium hydrogencarbonate.
Hydrolysis
The reaction of ammonium thiocyanate and water yields ammonia, ammonium hydrogencarbonate, and hydrogen sulfide.
Decomposition
Decomposition of thermally decomposable substance can yield ammonium hydrogencarbonate.
Chemical reactions
Electrolytic dissociation
Electrolytic dissociation of ammonium hydrogencarbonate yields ammonium ion and anion.
Reaction with strong acid
The reaction of ammonium hydrogencarbonate and strong acid yields salt of strong acid and carbonic acid.
Reaction with strong base
The reaction of ammonium hydrogencarbonate and strong base yields salt of strong base, ammonia, and water.
Reaction with nonvolatile acid
The reaction of ammonium hydrogencarbonate and nonvolatile acid yields salt of non volatile acid and carbonic acid.
Reaction with base
The reaction of ammonium hydrogencarbonate and base yields ammonium carbonate.
Reaction with nonvolatile base
The reaction of ammonium hydrogencarbonate and nonvolatile base yields salt of non volatile base, ammonia, and water.
Reaction with oxidizing species
The reaction of ammonium hydrogencarbonate and oxidizing species yields a variety of products.
Reaction with reducing species
The reaction of reducing species and ammonium hydrogencarbonate yields a variety of products.
Precipitation reaction
When a certain chemical species is present in aqueous solution, it reacts with ammonium hydrogencarbonate to form a precipitate.
Decomposition
Decomposition of ammonium hydrogencarbonate yields carbon dioxide and water.
Electrolysis of aqueous solution
Electrolysis of aqueous ammonium hydrogencarbonate yields a variety of products.
References
List of references
- 1James G. Speight (2017)Lange's Handbook of Chemistry, 17th editionMcGraw Hill Education
- 2John R. Rumble Jr, David R. Lide, Thomas J. Bruno (2019)CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 100th EditionCRC Press
- ^ Density, 1.586 g/cm3 - p.4-42
- ^ Melting point, 107 °C - p.4-42
- ^ Qualitative solubility, Insoluble in ethanol - p.4-42
- ^ Qualitative solubility, Insoluble in benzene - p.4-42
- 3Janiel J. Reed (1989)The NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties: Selected Values for Inorganic and C1 and C2 Organic Substances in SI UnitsNational Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
- 4Atherton Seidell (1919)Solubilities of Inorganic and Organic Compounds: A Compilation of Quantitative Solubility Data From the Periodical LiteratureD. Van Nostrand Company
