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Chemical substances
Barium chromate

Barium chromate

Last updated: March 19, 2023

Barium chromate is an inorganic compound with formula BaCrO₄.

Table of contents

Names

List of substance names

Nomenclature

Name

Typical name: Barium chromate

Compositional nomenclature: Barium chromate

Additive nomenclature: Barium tetraoxidochromate(2−)

Formulae and structures

List of formulae

Formula name

Formula

Typical formula: BaCrO₄

Compositional formula: BaCrO₄

Structural formula

Other structural formulas

Lewis structure

Colored Lewis structure

Properties

List of substance properties

Item

Value

Name: Barium chromate

Formula: BaCrO₄

Appearance: Yellow solid

Odor: Odorless

Molar mass: 253.319 g/mol

Density: 4.498 g/cm³
Solid, 20°C

Melting point: –

Boiling point: –

Constituents

Constituent ions

Ion	Name	Charge number	Number
Ba²⁺	Barium ion	2	1
CrO₄²⁻	Chromate ion	-2	1

Constituent atoms

Atom	Name	Oxidation state	Number
Ba	Barium	+2	1
Cr	Chromium	+6	1
O	Oxygen	−2	4

Ratio of atoms

Atom	Atomic weight	Number	Atomic ratio	Weight ratio
Ba	137.327	1	16.67%	54.21%
Cr	51.9961	1	16.67%	20.53%
O	15.999	4	66.67%	25.26%

Thermodynamic properties

Phase transition properties

Item

Value

Enthalpy of fusion: –

Enthalpy of vaporization: –

Enthalpy of vaporization at 25°C: –

Enthalpy of other transition: –

Standard thermodynamic properties

State	Standard enthalpy of formation Δ_fH° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard Gibbs energy of formation Δ_fG° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard molar entropy S° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹	Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure C_p° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹
Crystalline solid	−1446.0^[2]	−1345.22^[2]	158.6^[2]	–

Solubility

Qualitative solubility

Reactive

Miscible

Very soluble

Soluble: HA^[1]Mineral acid

Slightly soluble

Very slightly soluble

Insoluble: H₂OWater

Solubility in water (g/100 mL solution)^[3]

0°C	10°C	20°C	30°C
0.0002	0.00028	0.00037	0.00046

Solubility in water (g/100 mL solution)^[3]

100°C
0.0043

Solubility in water (g/100 mL solution)^[3]

20°C
0.001

Solubility curve (g/100 mL solution)

Hazards

GHS label^[4]

Item

Value

Hazard pictograms: GHS08: Health hazard; GHS07: Exclamation mark

Signal word: Danger

Hazard statements: H334: May cause allergy or asthma symptoms or breathing difficulties if inhaled; H317: May cause an allergic skin reaction; H350: May cause cancer

Physical hazards^[4]

Classification	Category	Label	Hazard statement
Explosives	Not applicable
Flammable gases	Not applicable
Aerosols	Not applicable
Oxidizing gases	Not applicable
Gases under pressure	Not applicable
Flammable liquids	Not applicable
Flammable solids	Classification not possible
Self reactive substances and mixtures	Not applicable
Pyrophoric liquids	Not applicable
Pyrophoric solids	Classification not possible
Self heating substances and mixtures	Classification not possible
Substances and mixtures which in contact with water emit flammable gases	Not classified
Oxidizing liquids	Not applicable
Oxidizing solids	Classification not possible
Organic peroxides	Not applicable
Substances and mixtures corrosive to metals	Classification not possible
Desensitized explosives	No data

Health hazards^[4]

Classification	Category	Label	Hazard statement
Acute oral toxicity	Classification not possible
Acute dermal toxicity	Classification not possible
Acute inhalation toxicity by gas	Not applicable
Acute inhalation toxicity by vapor	Classification not possible
Acute inhalation toxicity by dust or mist	Classification not possible
Skin corrosion irritation	Classification not possible
Serious eye damage eye irritation	Classification not possible
Respiratory sensitization	Category 1	Danger	H334: May cause allergy or asthma symptoms or breathing difficulties if inhaled
Skin sensitization	Category 1	Warning	H317: May cause an allergic skin reaction
Germ cell mutagenicity	Classification not possible
Carcinogenicity	Category 1A	Danger	H350: May cause cancer
Reproductive toxicity	Classification not possible
Specific target organ toxicity single exposure	Classification not possible
Specific target organ toxicity repeated exposure	Classification not possible
Aspiration hazard	Classification not possible

Environmental hazards^[4]

Classification	Category	Label	Hazard statement
Hazardous to the aquatic environment short term	Classification not possible
Hazardous to the aquatic environment long term	Classification not possible
Hazardous to the ozone layer	No data

Preparations

Reaction of acid and base

The reaction of acid and base can yield barium chromate.

Reaction of chromic acid and barium hydroxide: H₂CrO₄Chromic acid + Ba(OH)₂Barium hydroxide
⟶
BaCrO₄↓Barium chromate + 2H₂OWater

Reaction of dichromic acid and barium hydroxide: H₂Cr₂O₇Dichromic acid + 2Ba(OH)₂Barium hydroxide
⟶
2BaCrO₄↓Barium chromate + 3H₂OWater

Reaction of base and acidic oxide

The reaction of barium hydroxide and chromium(VI) oxide yields barium chromate and water.

Reaction of barium hydroxide and chromium(VI) oxide: Ba(OH)₂Barium hydroxide + CrO₃Chromium(VI) oxide
⟶
BaCrO₄↓Barium chromate + H₂OWater

Reaction of basic oxide and acid

The reaction of basic oxide and acid can yield barium chromate.

Reaction of barium oxide and chromic acid: BaOBarium oxide + H₂CrO₄Chromic acid
⟶
BaCrO₄↓Barium chromate + H₂OWater

Reaction of barium oxide and dichromic acid: 2BaOBarium oxide + H₂Cr₂O₇Dichromic acid
⟶
2BaCrO₄↓Barium chromate + H₂OWater

Reaction of basic oxide and acidic oxide

The reaction of barium oxide and chromium(VI) oxide yields barium chromate.

Reaction of barium oxide and chromium(VI) oxide: BaOBarium oxide + CrO₃Chromium(VI) oxide
⟶
BaCrO₄↓Barium chromate

Reaction of salt of weak base and strong base

The reaction of salt of weak base and strong base can yield barium chromate.

Reaction of zinc chromate and barium hydroxide: ZnCrO₄Zinc chromate + Ba(OH)₂Barium hydroxide
⟶
BaCrO₄Barium chromate + Zn(OH)₂Zinc hydroxide

Reaction of lead(II) chromate and barium hydroxide: PbCrO₄Lead(II) chromate + Ba(OH)₂Barium hydroxide
⟶
BaCrO₄Barium chromate + Pb(OH)₂Lead(II) hydroxide

Reaction of ammonium chromate and barium hydroxide: (NH₄)₂CrO₄Ammonium chromate + Ba(OH)₂Barium hydroxide
⟶
BaCrO₄↓Barium chromate + 2NH₃↑Ammonia + 2H₂OWater

Reaction of ammonium dichromate and barium hydroxide: (NH₄)₂Cr₂O₇Ammonium dichromate + 2Ba(OH)₂Barium hydroxide
⟶
2BaCrO₄↓Barium chromate + 2NH₃↑Ammonia + 3H₂OWater

Precipitation reaction

When barium ion and chromate ion react in aqueous solution, a precipitate of barium chromate is formed.

Reaction of barium hydroxide and chromic acid: Ba(OH)₂Barium hydroxide + H₂CrO₄Chromic acid
💧
⟶
BaCrO₄↓Barium chromate + 2H₂OWater

Reaction of barium hydroxide and dichromic acid: 2Ba(OH)₂Barium hydroxide + H₂Cr₂O₇Dichromic acid
💧
⟶
2BaCrO₄↓Barium chromate + 3H₂OWater

Reaction of barium chloride and sodium chromate ◆ Δ_rG −68.2 kJ/mol K 8.87 × 10¹¹ pK −11.95: BaCl₂Barium chloride + Na₂CrO₄Sodium chromate
💧
⟶
BaCrO₄↓Barium chromate + 2NaClSodium chloride

Reaction of barium bromide and sodium chromate ◆ Δ_rG −71.5 kJ/mol K 3.36 × 10¹² pK −12.53: BaBr₂Barium bromide + Na₂CrO₄Sodium chromate
💧
⟶
BaCrO₄↓Barium chromate + 2NaBrSodium bromide

Reaction of active metal and acid

The reaction of barium and chromic acid yields barium chromate and hydrogen.

Reaction of barium and chromic acid: BaBarium + H₂CrO₄Chromic acid
⟶
BaCrO₄Barium chromate + H₂↑Hydrogen

Chemical reactions

Electrolytic dissociation

Electrolytic dissociation of barium chromate yields barium ion and chromate ion.

Electrolytic dissociation of barium chromate ◆ Δ_rG 56.70 kJ/mol K 0.12 × 10⁻⁹ pK 9.93: BaCrO₄Barium chromate
⟶
Ba²⁺Barium ion + CrO₄²⁻Chromate ion

Reaction with strong acid

The reaction of barium chromate and strong acid yields salt of strong acid and chromic acid.

Reaction of barium chromate and hydrogen chloride: BaCrO₄Barium chromate + 2HClHydrogen chloride
⟶
BaCl₂Barium chloride + H₂CrO₄Chromic acid

Reaction of barium chromate and hydrogen bromide: BaCrO₄Barium chromate + 2HBrHydrogen bromide
⟶
BaBr₂Barium bromide + H₂CrO₄Chromic acid

Reaction of barium chromate and hydrogen iodide: BaCrO₄Barium chromate + 2HIHydrogen iodide
⟶
BaI₂Barium iodide + H₂CrO₄Chromic acid

Reaction of barium chromate and sulfuric acid: BaCrO₄Barium chromate + H₂SO₄Sulfuric acid
⟶
BaSO₄Barium sulfate + H₂CrO₄Chromic acid

Reaction of barium chromate and hydrogen chloride: BaCrO₄Barium chromate + 2HClHydrogen chloride
⟶
BaCl₂Barium chloride + CrO₃Chromium(VI) oxide + H₂OWater

Reaction with reducing species

The reaction of reducing species and barium chromate yields a variety of products.

Reaction of sodium and barium chromate ◆ Δ_rG −156.62 kJ/mol K 2.75 × 10²⁷ pK −27.44: 8NaSodium + BaCrO₄Barium chromate
⟶
4Na₂OSodium oxide + BaBarium + CrChromium

Reaction of sodium and barium chromate ◆ Δ_rG −306.3 kJ/mol K 4.59 × 10⁵³ pK −53.66: 6NaSodium + BaCrO₄Barium chromate
⟶
3Na₂OSodium oxide + CrChromium + BaOBarium oxide

Reaction of hydrogen and barium chromate ◆ Δ_rG −129.2 kJ/mol K 4.31 × 10²² pK −22.63: 3H₂Hydrogen + 2BaCrO₄Barium chromate
⟶
Cr₂O₃Chromium(III) oxide + 2BaOBarium oxide + 3H₂OWater

Reaction of hydrogen and barium chromate: 3H₂Hydrogen + 2BaCrO₄Barium chromate
⟶
2Cr(OH)₃Chromium(III) hydroxide + 2BaOBarium oxide

Reaction with oxidizable species

The reaction of oxidizable species and barium chromate yields a variety of products.

Reaction of iron(II) oxide and barium chromate: 9FeOIron(II) oxide + BaCrO₄Barium chromate
⟶
3Fe₃O₄Iron(II,III) oxide + CrChromium + BaOBarium oxide

Reaction of iron(II) oxide and barium chromate: 6FeOIron(II) oxide + BaCrO₄Barium chromate
⟶
3Fe₂O₃Iron(III) oxide + CrChromium + BaOBarium oxide

Reaction of copper and barium chromate ◆ Δ_rG 193.0 kJ/mol K 0.15 × 10⁻³³ pK 33.81: 3CuCopper + 2BaCrO₄Barium chromate
🔥
⟶
3CuOCopper(II) oxide + Cr₂O₃Chromium(III) oxide + 2BaOBarium oxide

Reaction of copper and barium chromate ◆ Δ_rG 144.1 kJ/mol K 0.57 × 10⁻²⁵ pK 25.25: 6CuCopper + 2BaCrO₄Barium chromate
🔥
⟶
3Cu₂OCopper(I) oxide + Cr₂O₃Chromium(III) oxide + 2BaOBarium oxide

Reaction of potassium iodide and barium chromate ◆ Δ_rG 488.7 kJ/mol K 0.24 × 10⁻⁸⁵ pK 85.62: KIPotassium iodide + 2BaCrO₄Barium chromate
🔥
⟶
KIO₃Potassium iodate + Cr₂O₃Chromium(III) oxide + 2BaOBarium oxide

Reaction with oxidizable species under acidic condition

The reaction of oxidizable species, barium chromate, and hydrogen ion yields a variety of products.

Reaction of copper and barium chromate under acidic condition: 3CuCopper + 2BaCrO₄Barium chromate + 16H⁺Hydrogen ion
🔥
⟶
3Cu²⁺Copper(II) ion + 2Cr³⁺Chromium(III) ion + 2Ba²⁺Barium ion + 8H₂OWater

Reaction of copper and barium chromate under acidic condition: 3CuCopper + BaCrO₄Barium chromate + 8H⁺Hydrogen ion
🔥
⟶
3Cu⁺Copper(I) ion + Cr³⁺Chromium(III) ion + Ba²⁺Barium ion + 4H₂OWater

Reaction of potassium iodide and barium chromate under acidic condition: 6KIPotassium iodide + 2BaCrO₄Barium chromate + 16H⁺Hydrogen ion
⟶
6K⁺Potassium ion + 3I₂Iodine + 2Cr³⁺Chromium(III) ion + 2Ba²⁺Barium ion + 8H₂OWater

Reaction of potassium iodide and barium chromate under acidic condition: KIPotassium iodide + 2BaCrO₄Barium chromate + 10H⁺Hydrogen ion
⟶
KIO₃Potassium iodate + 2Cr³⁺Chromium(III) ion + 2Ba²⁺Barium ion + 5H₂OWater

Reaction with oxidizable species under neutral condition

The reaction of oxidizable species, barium chromate, and water yields a variety of products.

Reaction of potassium iodide and barium chromate under neutral condition ◆ Δ_rG 482.8 kJ/mol K 0.26 × 10⁻⁸⁴ pK 84.58: 10KIPotassium iodide + 2BaCrO₄Barium chromate + 5H₂OWater
🔥
⟶
10KOHPotassium hydroxide + 3I₂Iodine + Cr₂O₃Chromium(III) oxide + 2BaI₂Barium iodide

Reaction of potassium iodide and barium chromate under neutral condition ◆ Δ_rG 279.8 kJ/mol K 0.96 × 10⁻⁴⁹ pK 49.02: 5KIPotassium iodide + 2BaCrO₄Barium chromate + 2H₂OWater
🔥
⟶
KIO₃Potassium iodate + 4KOHPotassium hydroxide + Cr₂O₃Chromium(III) oxide + 2BaI₂Barium iodide

Reaction of copper and barium chromate under neutral condition: 3CuCopper + 2BaCrO₄Barium chromate + 2H₂OWater
🔥
⟶
3CuOCopper(II) oxide + Cr₂O₃Chromium(III) oxide + 2Ba(OH)₂Barium hydroxide

Reaction of copper and barium chromate under neutral condition: 3CuCopper + 2BaCrO₄Barium chromate + 5H₂OWater
🔥
⟶
3CuOCopper(II) oxide + 2Cr(OH)₃Chromium(III) hydroxide + 2Ba(OH)₂Barium hydroxide

Reaction with hardly oxidizable species

The reaction of hardly oxidizable species and barium chromate yields a variety of products.

Reaction of hydrogen chloride and barium chromate ◆ Δ_rG −274.8 kJ/mol K 1.39 × 10⁴⁸ pK −48.14: 16HClHydrogen chloride + 2BaCrO₄Barium chromate
⟶
3Cl₂Chlorine + 2CrCl₃Chromium(III) chloride + 2BaCl₂Barium chloride + 8H₂OWater

Reaction of hydrogen chloride and barium chromate ◆ Δ_rG −116.3 kJ/mol K 2.37 × 10²⁰ pK −20.37: 26HClHydrogen chloride + 4BaCrO₄Barium chromate
🔥
⟶
3Cl₂ODichlorine monoxide + 4CrCl₃Chromium(III) chloride + 4BaCl₂Barium chloride + 13H₂OWater

Reaction of gold and barium chromate: 2AuGold + 2BaCrO₄Barium chromate
🔥
⟶
Au₂O₃Gold(III) oxide + Cr₂O₃Chromium(III) oxide + 2BaOBarium oxide

Reaction of sodium chloride and barium chromate ◆ Δ_rG 2716.4 kJ/mol K 0.13 × 10⁻⁴⁷⁵ pK 475.89: 3NaClSodium chloride + 8BaCrO₄Barium chromate
🔥
⟶
3NaClO₄Sodium perchlorate + 4Cr₂O₃Chromium(III) oxide + 8BaOBarium oxide

Reaction of sodium chloride and barium chromate ◆ Δ_rG 704.0 kJ/mol K 0.46 × 10⁻¹²³ pK 123.34: NaClSodium chloride + 2BaCrO₄Barium chromate
🔥
⟶
NaClO₃Sodium chlorate + Cr₂O₃Chromium(III) oxide + 2BaOBarium oxide

Reaction with hardly oxidizable species under acidic condition

The reaction of hardly oxidizable species, barium chromate, and hydrogen ion yields a variety of products.

Reaction of hydrogen chloride and barium chromate under acidic condition: 6HClHydrogen chloride + 2BaCrO₄Barium chromate + 10H⁺Hydrogen ion
⟶
3Cl₂Chlorine + 2Cr³⁺Chromium(III) ion + 2Ba²⁺Barium ion + 8H₂OWater

Reaction of gold and barium chromate under acidic condition: AuGold + BaCrO₄Barium chromate + 8H⁺Hydrogen ion
🔥
⟶
Au³⁺Gold(III) ion + Cr³⁺Chromium(III) ion + Ba²⁺Barium ion + 4H₂OWater

Reaction of gold and barium chromate under acidic condition: 3AuGold + BaCrO₄Barium chromate + 8H⁺Hydrogen ion
🔥
⟶
3Au⁺Gold(I) ion + Cr³⁺Chromium(III) ion + Ba²⁺Barium ion + 4H₂OWater

Reaction of hydrogen chloride and barium chromate under acidic condition: 6HClHydrogen chloride + 4BaCrO₄Barium chromate + 20H⁺Hydrogen ion
⟶
3Cl₂ODichlorine monoxide + 4Cr³⁺Chromium(III) ion + 4Ba²⁺Barium ion + 13H₂OWater

Reaction of sodium chloride and barium chromate under acidic condition: 6NaClSodium chloride + 2BaCrO₄Barium chromate + 16H⁺Hydrogen ion
⟶
6Na⁺Sodium ion + 3Cl₂↑Chlorine + 2Cr³⁺Chromium(III) ion + 2Ba²⁺Barium ion + 8H₂OWater

Reaction with hardly oxidizable species under neutral condition

The reaction of hardly oxidizable species, barium chromate, and water yields a variety of products.

Reaction of sodium chloride and barium chromate under neutral condition ◆ Δ_rG 2405.4 kJ/mol K 0.39 × 10⁻⁴²¹ pK 421.41: 19NaClSodium chloride + 8BaCrO₄Barium chromate + 8H₂OWater
🔥
⟶
3NaClO₄Sodium perchlorate + 16NaOHSodium hydroxide + 4Cr₂O₃Chromium(III) oxide + 8BaCl₂Barium chloride

Reaction of sodium chloride and barium chromate under neutral condition ◆ Δ_rG 626.3 kJ/mol K 0.19 × 10⁻¹⁰⁹ pK 109.72: 5NaClSodium chloride + 2BaCrO₄Barium chromate + 2H₂OWater
🔥
⟶
NaClO₃Sodium chlorate + 4NaOHSodium hydroxide + Cr₂O₃Chromium(III) oxide + 2BaCl₂Barium chloride

Decomposition

Decomposition of barium chromate yields barium oxide and chromium(VI) oxide.

Decomposition of barium chromate: BaCrO₄Barium chromate
🔥
⟶
BaOBarium oxide + CrO₃Chromium(VI) oxide

Decomposition of barium chromate ◆ Δ_rG 1640.2 kJ/mol K 0.45 × 10⁻²⁸⁷ pK 287.35: 2BaCrO₄Barium chromate
🔥
⟶
2BaOBarium oxide + 2CrChromium + 3O₂↑Oxygen

Decomposition of barium chromate ◆ Δ_rG 1164.3 kJ/mol K 0.11 × 10⁻²⁰³ pK 203.98: 4BaCrO₄Barium chromate
🔥
⟶
4BaOBarium oxide + 2Cr₂O₃Chromium(III) oxide + 3O₂↑Oxygen

References

List of references

1
James G. Speight (2017)
Lange's Handbook of Chemistry, 17th edition
https://www.accessengineeringlibrary.com/content/book/9781259586095
McGraw Hill Education
- Amazon
Citation list
- ^ Melting point, - p.33
- ^ Qualitative solubility, Soluble in mineral acid - p.33
2
Janiel J. Reed (1989)
The NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties: Selected Values for Inorganic and C1 and C2 Organic Substances in SI Units
https://doi.org/10.18434/M32124
National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
Citation list
3
Atherton Seidell (1919)
Solubilities of Inorganic and Organic Compounds: A Compilation of Quantitative Solubility Data From the Periodical Literature
D. Van Nostrand Company
- Amazon
Citation list
4
Chemical Management Center
GHS Classification Results
https://www.nite.go.jp/chem/english/ghs/all_fy_e.html
National Institute of Technology and Evaluation
Citation list

Δ_rG	−68.2 kJ/mol
K	8.87 × 10¹¹
pK	−11.95

Δ_rG	−71.5 kJ/mol
K	3.36 × 10¹²
pK	−12.53

Δ_rG	56.70 kJ/mol
K	0.12 × 10⁻⁹
pK	9.93

Δ_rG	−156.62 kJ/mol
K	2.75 × 10²⁷
pK	−27.44

Barium chromate

Names

List of substance names

Formulae and structures

List of formulae

Properties

List of substance properties

Constituents

Constituent ions

Constituent atoms

Ratio of atoms

Thermodynamic properties

Phase transition properties

Standard thermodynamic properties

Solubility

Qualitative solubility

Solubility in water (g/100 mL solution)[3]

Solubility in water (g/100 mL solution)[3]

Solubility in water (g/100 mL solution)[3]

Solubility curve (g/100 mL solution)

Hazards

GHS label[4]

Physical hazards[4]

Health hazards[4]

Environmental hazards[4]

Preparations

Reaction of acid and base

Reaction of base and acidic oxide

Reaction of basic oxide and acid

Reaction of basic oxide and acidic oxide

Reaction of salt of weak base and strong base

Precipitation reaction

Reaction of active metal and acid

Chemical reactions

Electrolytic dissociation

Reaction with strong acid

Reaction with reducing species

Reaction with oxidizable species

Reaction with oxidizable species under acidic condition

Reaction with oxidizable species under neutral condition

Reaction with hardly oxidizable species

Reaction with hardly oxidizable species under acidic condition

Reaction with hardly oxidizable species under neutral condition

Decomposition

References

List of references

Related substances

Chromate of alkaline earth metal

Acid and acidic oxide

Base and basic oxide

Related categories

Classification by constituent

Type of substance

State of substance

Property of substance

Solubility of substance

Color of substance

Odor of substance

Solubility in water (g/100 mL solution)^[3]

Solubility in water (g/100 mL solution)^[3]

Solubility in water (g/100 mL solution)^[3]

GHS label^[4]

Physical hazards^[4]

Health hazards^[4]

Environmental hazards^[4]