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Cadmium oxide

Chemical structure of cadmium oxide

Cadmium oxide is an inorganic compound with formula CdO.

Table of contents
  1. 1Names
  2. 2Formulae and structures
  3. 3Properties
  4. 4Constituents
  5. 5Thermodynamic properties
  6. 6Solubility
  7. 7Hazards
  8. 8Preparations
  9. 9Chemical reactions
  10. 10References
  11. 11Related substances
  12. 12Related categories

Names

List of substance names

Nomenclature
Name
Typical name
Cadmium oxide
Compositional nomenclature
Cadmium oxide

Formulae and structures

List of formulae

Formula name
Formula
Typical formula
CdO
Compositional formula
CdO
Structural formula
Chemical structure of cadmium oxide
Lewis structure
Lewis structure of cadmium oxide
Colored Lewis structure
Colored Lewis structure of cadmium oxide

Properties

List of substance properties

Item
Value
Name
Cadmium oxide
Formula
CdO
Appearance
Colorless solid
α-form
Brown solid
β-form
Odor
Odorless
Molar mass
128.413 g/mol
Density
8.15 g/cm3[1]
Solid, Cubic
Melting point
1540 °C[1]
Boiling point
Subliming point
1559 °C

Constituents

Constituent ions

IonNameCharge numberNumber
Cd2+Cadmium ion21
O2−Oxide ion-21

Constituent atoms

AtomNameOxidation stateNumber
CdCadmium+21
OOxygen−21

Ratio of atoms

AtomAtomic weightNumberAtomic ratioWeight ratio
Cd112.414150.00%87.54%
O15.999150.00%12.46%
CdOAtomic ratio
CdOWeight ratio

Thermodynamic properties

Phase transition properties

Item
Value
Enthalpy of fusion
Enthalpy of vaporization
Enthalpy of vaporization at 25°C
225.1 kJ · mol−1[1]
Enthalpy of other transition

Standard thermodynamic properties

State
Standard enthalpy
of formation
ΔfH°
kJ · mol−1
Standard Gibbs
energy of
formation
ΔfG°
kJ · mol−1
Standard
molar entropy
S°
J · K−1 · mol−1
Standard molar
heat capacity at
constant pressure
Cp°
J · K−1 · mol−1
Crystalline solid−258.2[2]−228.4[2]54.8[2]43.43[2]

Solubility

Qualitative solubility

Reactive
Miscible
Very soluble
Soluble
HA[1]Acid
Slightly soluble
Very slightly soluble
Insoluble

Hazards

GHS label[3]

Physical hazards[3]

Health hazards[3]

ClassificationCategoryLabelHazard statement
Acute oral toxicityCategory 3
GHS06: Skull and crossbones
Danger
Acute dermal toxicityClassification not possible
Acute inhalation toxicity by gasNot applicable
Acute inhalation toxicity by vaporClassification not possible
Acute inhalation toxicity by dust or mistCategory 1
GHS06: Skull and crossbones
Danger
Skin corrosion irritationCategory 2
GHS07: Exclamation mark
Warning
Serious eye damage eye irritationCategory 2
GHS07: Exclamation mark
Warning
Respiratory sensitizationClassification not possible
Skin sensitizationClassification not possible
Germ cell mutagenicityCategory 2
GHS08: Health hazard
Warning
CarcinogenicityCategory 1A
GHS08: Health hazard
Danger
Reproductive toxicityCategory 2
GHS08: Health hazard
Warning
Specific target organ toxicity single exposureCategory 1
(Respiratory system, Digestive system)
GHS08: Health hazard
Danger
Specific target organ toxicity repeated exposureCategory 1
(Respiratory system, Kidney, Bone, Cardiovascular system)
GHS08: Health hazard
Danger
Aspiration hazardClassification not possible

Environmental hazards[3]

Preparations

Reaction of metal and nonmetal

The reaction of metal and nonmetal can yield cadmium oxide.

Reaction of cadmium and oxygen
ΔrG−456.8 kJ/mol
K1.07 × 1080
pK−80.03
Reaction of cadmium and ozone
ΔrG−848.4 kJ/mol
K4.30 × 10148
pK−148.63

Reaction of hydroxide base and dehydrating basic oxide

The reaction of hydroxide base and dehydrating basic oxide can yield cadmium oxide.

Decomposition

Decomposition of thermally decomposable substance can yield cadmium oxide.

Decomposition of cadmium carbonate
ΔrG441.0 kJ/mol
K0.55 × 10−77
pK77.26
Decomposition of cadmium hydroxide
ΔrG490.4 kJ/mol
K0.12 × 10−85
pK85.91

Reaction of active metal and water

The reaction of cadmium and water yields cadmium oxide and hydrogen.

Reaction of cadmium and water
ΔrG8.7 kJ/mol
K0.30 × 10−1
pK1.52

Chemical reactions

Reaction with acid

The reaction of cadmium oxide and acid yields salt and water.

Reaction with acidic oxide

The reaction of cadmium oxide and acidic oxide yields oxoacid salt.

Reaction with water

The reaction of cadmium oxide and water yields cadmium hydroxide.

Reaction of cadmium oxide and water
ΔrG−8.1 kJ/mol
K2.62 × 101
pK−1.42

Reaction with reducing nonmetal

The reaction of reducing nonmetal and cadmium oxide yields elementary substance/oxide and nonmetal oxide.

Reaction of hydrogen and cadmium oxide
ΔrG−8.7 kJ/mol
K3.34 × 101
pK−1.52
Reaction of carbon and cadmium oxide
ΔrG91.2 kJ/mol
K0.11 × 10−15
pK15.98

Reaction with reducing species

The reaction of reducing species and cadmium oxide yields a variety of products.

Reaction of sodium and cadmium oxide
ΔrG−147.1 kJ/mol
K5.90 × 1025
pK−25.77
Reaction of carbon and cadmium oxide
ΔrG15.8 kJ/mol
K0.17 × 10−2
pK2.77

Reaction with oxidizable species

The reaction of oxidizable species and cadmium oxide yields a variety of products.

Reaction of copper and cadmium oxide
ΔrG98.7 kJ/mol
K0.51 × 10−17
pK17.29
Reaction of copper and cadmium oxide
ΔrG82.4 kJ/mol
K0.37 × 10−14
pK14.44

Reaction with oxidizing species

The reaction of cadmium oxide and chlorine yields cadmium chloride and oxygen.

Reaction of cadmium oxide and chlorine
ΔrG−231.1 kJ/mol
K3.07 × 1040
pK−40.49

References

List of references

  1. 1
  2. 2
    Janiel J. Reed (1989)
    The NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties: Selected Values for Inorganic and C1 and C2 Organic Substances in SI Units
    National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)

  3. 3