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Calcium perchlorate

Chemical structure of calcium perchlorate

Calcium perchlorate is an inorganic compound with formula Ca(ClO4)2.

Table of contents
  1. 1Names
  2. 2Formulae and structures
  3. 3Properties
  4. 4Constituents
  5. 5Thermodynamic properties
  6. 6Solubility
  7. 7Preparations
  8. 8Chemical reactions
  9. 9References
  10. 10Related substances
  11. 11Related categories

Names

List of substance names

Nomenclature
Name
Typical name
Calcium perchlorate
Compositional nomenclature
Calcium perchlorate
Additive nomenclature
Calcium tetraoxidochlorate(1−)

Formulae and structures

List of formulae

Formula name
Formula
Typical formula
Ca(ClO4)2
Compositional formula
Ca(ClO4)2
Structural formula
Chemical structure of calcium perchlorate
Other structural formulas
Chemical structure of calcium perchlorate with double bonds
Lewis structure
Lewis structure of calcium perchlorate
Colored Lewis structure
Colored Lewis structure of calcium perchlorate

Properties

List of substance properties

Item
Value
Name
Calcium perchlorate
Formula
Ca(ClO4)2
Appearance
Colorless solid
Odor
Odorless
Molar mass
238.97 g/mol
Density
2.65 g/cm3[1]
Solid
Melting point
270 °C[1]
Decompose → CaCl2, O2
Boiling point

Constituents

Constituent ions

IonNameCharge numberNumber
Ca2+Calcium ion21
ClO4Perchlorate ion-12

Constituent atoms

AtomNameOxidation stateNumber
CaCalcium+21
ClChlorine+72
OOxygen−28

Ratio of atoms

AtomAtomic weightNumberAtomic ratioWeight ratio
Ca40.07819.09%16.77%
Cl35.45218.18%29.67%
O15.999872.73%53.56%
CaClOAtomic ratio
CaClOWeight ratio

Thermodynamic properties

Phase transition properties

Item
Value
Enthalpy of fusion
Enthalpy of vaporization
Enthalpy of vaporization at 25°C
Enthalpy of other transition

Standard thermodynamic properties

State
Standard enthalpy
of formation
ΔfH°
kJ · mol−1
Standard Gibbs
energy of
formation
ΔfG°
kJ · mol−1
Standard
molar entropy
S°
J · K−1 · mol−1
Standard molar
heat capacity at
constant pressure
Cp°
J · K−1 · mol−1
Crystalline solid−736.76[2]
Ionized aqueous solution−801.49[2]−570.62[2]310.9[2]
Crystalline solid
4 hydrate
−1948.9[2]−1476.47[2]433.5[2]

Solubility

Qualitative solubility

Reactive
Miscible
Very soluble
Soluble
Slightly soluble
Very slightly soluble
Insoluble

Solubility in water (g/100 mL)[1]

25°C
112

Solubility in ethanol (g/100 mL)[1]

25°C
89.5

Solubility in 1-butanol (g/100 mL)[1]

25°C
68

Solubility in ethyl acetate (g/100 mL)[1]

25°C
57

Solubility in acetone (g/100 mL)[1]

25°C
43

Solubility curve (g/100 mL)

0°C20°C40°C60°C80°C100°CTemperature (°C)050100150200Solubility (g/100 mL)

Preparations

Reaction of acid and base

The reaction of perchloric acid and calcium hydroxide yields calcium perchlorate and water.

Reaction of base and acidic oxide

The reaction of calcium hydroxide and dichlorine heptaoxide yields calcium perchlorate and water.

Reaction of basic oxide and acid

The reaction of calcium oxide and perchloric acid yields calcium perchlorate and water.

Reaction of basic oxide and acidic oxide

The reaction of calcium oxide and dichlorine heptaoxide yields calcium perchlorate.

Reaction of salt of weak acid and strong acid

The reaction of salt of weak acid and strong acid can yield calcium perchlorate.

Reaction of salt of weak base and strong base

The reaction of ammonium perchlorate and calcium hydroxide yields calcium perchlorate, ammonia, and water.

Reaction of nonmetal and hydroxide base

The reaction of chlorine and calcium hydroxide yields calcium perchlorate, calcium chloride, and water.

Decomposition

Decomposition of thermally decomposable substance can yield calcium perchlorate.

Chemical reactions

Electrolytic dissociation

Electrolytic dissociation of calcium perchlorate yields calcium ion and perchlorate ion.

Reaction with dehydrating acid

The reaction of calcium perchlorate and dehydrating acid yields salt, dichlorine heptaoxide, and water.

Reaction with reducing species

The reaction of reducing species and calcium perchlorate yields a variety of products.

Reaction with oxidizable species

The reaction of oxidizable species and calcium perchlorate yields a variety of products.

Reaction with oxidizable species under acidic condition

The reaction of oxidizable species, calcium perchlorate, and hydrogen ion yields a variety of products.

Reaction of copper and calcium perchlorate under acidic condition
ΔrG−1618.50 kJ/mol
K3.54 × 10283
pK−283.55
8CuCopper + Ca(ClO4)2Calcium perchlorate + 16H+Hydrogen ion
8Cu2+Copper(II) ion + CaCl2Calcium chloride + 8H2OWater
Reaction of copper and calcium perchlorate under acidic condition
ΔrG−1421.56 kJ/mol
K1.11 × 10249
pK−249.05
7CuCopper + Ca(ClO4)2Calcium perchlorate + 16H+Hydrogen ion
7Cu2+Copper(II) ion + Cl2Chlorine + Ca2+Calcium ion + 8H2OWater
Reaction of potassium iodide and calcium perchlorate under acidic condition
ΔrG−1185.94 kJ/mol
K5.86 × 10207
pK−207.77
Reaction of potassium iodide and calcium perchlorate under acidic condition
ΔrG−1043.07 kJ/mol
K5.47 × 10182
pK−182.74
14KIPotassium iodide + Ca(ClO4)2Calcium perchlorate + 16H+Hydrogen ion
14K+Potassium ion + 7I2Iodine + Cl2Chlorine + Ca2+Calcium ion + 8H2OWater

Reaction with oxidizable species under neutral condition

The reaction of oxidizable species, calcium perchlorate, and water yields a variety of products.

Reaction of copper and calcium perchlorate under neutral condition
ΔrG−998.6 kJ/mol
K8.85 × 10174
pK−174.95
Reaction of copper and calcium perchlorate under neutral condition
ΔrG−1112.7 kJ/mol
K8.64 × 10194
pK−194.94

Reaction with hardly oxidizable species

The reaction of hardly oxidizable species and calcium perchlorate yields a variety of products.

Reaction with hardly oxidizable species under acidic condition

The reaction of hardly oxidizable species, calcium perchlorate, and hydrogen ion yields a variety of products.

Reaction of hydrogen chloride and calcium perchlorate under acidic condition
ΔrG−42.80 kJ/mol
K3.15 × 107
pK−7.50
14HClHydrogen chloride + Ca(ClO4)2Calcium perchlorate + 2H+Hydrogen ion
🔥
8Cl2Chlorine + Ca2+Calcium ion + 8H2OWater
Reaction of sodium chloride and calcium perchlorate under acidic condition
ΔrG−42.80 kJ/mol
K3.15 × 107
pK−7.50
14NaClSodium chloride + Ca(ClO4)2Calcium perchlorate + 16H+Hydrogen ion
🔥
14Na+Sodium ion + 8Cl2Chlorine + Ca2+Calcium ion + 8H2OWater
Reaction of sodium chloride and calcium perchlorate under acidic condition
ΔrG−42.77 kJ/mol
K3.11 × 107
pK−7.49
16NaClSodium chloride + Ca(ClO4)2Calcium perchlorate + 16H+Hydrogen ion
🔥
16Na+Sodium ion + 8Cl2Chlorine + CaCl2Calcium chloride + 8H2OWater
Reaction of hydrogen chloride and calcium perchlorate under acidic condition
ΔrG−492.20 kJ/mol
K1.70 × 1086
pK−86.23
161HClHydrogen chloride + 95Ca(ClO4)2Calcium perchlorate + 190H+Hydrogen ion
🔥
167HClO4Perchloric acid + 92Cl2Chlorine + 95Ca2+Calcium ion + 92H2OWater

Reaction with hardly oxidizable species under neutral condition

The reaction of hardly oxidizable species, calcium perchlorate, and water yields a variety of products.

Reaction of gold and calcium perchlorate under neutral condition
ΔrG421.01 kJ/mol
K0.17 × 10−73
pK73.76
Reaction of gold and calcium perchlorate under neutral condition
ΔrG740.31 kJ/mol
K0.20 × 10−129
pK129.70

Precipitation reaction

When a certain chemical species is present in aqueous solution, it reacts with calcium perchlorate to form a precipitate.

Electrolysis of aqueous solution

Electrolysis of aqueous calcium perchlorate yields a variety of products.

Electrolysis of aqueous calcium perchlorate with water as non-redox agent
ΔrG−181.48 kJ/mol
K6.22 × 1031
pK−31.79
Electrolysis of water
ΔrG474.258 kJ/mol
K0.82 × 10−83
pK83.09
Electrolysis of aqueous calcium perchlorate with water as reducing agent
ΔrG630.95 kJ/mol
K0.29 × 10−110
pK110.54

Decomposition

Decomposition of calcium perchlorate yields a variety of products.

References

List of references

  1. 1
  2. 2
    Janiel J. Reed (1989)
    The NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties: Selected Values for Inorganic and C1 and C2 Organic Substances in SI Units
    National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)