Hydrogen fluoride
Hydrogen fluoride is an inorganic compound with formula HF.
- 1Names
- 2Formulae and structures
- 3Properties
- 4Constituents
- 5Thermodynamic properties
- 6Solubility
- 7Hazards
- 8Preparations
- 9Chemical reactions
- 10References
- 11Related substances
- 12Related categories
Names
List of substance names
- Typical name
- Hydrogen fluoride
- Compositional nomenclature
- Hydrogen fluoride
- Substitutive nomenclature
- Fluorane
- Other names
- Hydrofluoric acidAqueous solution
Formulae and structures
List of formulae
- Typical formula
- HF
- Molecular formula
- HF
- Compositional formula
- HF
- Structural formula
- Lewis structure
- Colored Lewis structure
Properties
List of substance properties
Constituents
Constituent atoms
| Atom | Name | Oxidation state | Number |
|---|---|---|---|
| H | Hydrogen | +1 | 1 |
| F | Fluorine | −1 | 1 |
Ratio of atoms
| Atom | Atomic weight | Number | Atomic ratio | Weight ratio |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| H | 1.008 | 1 | 50.00% | 5.04% |
| F | 18.998 | 1 | 50.00% | 94.96% |
Thermodynamic properties
Phase transition properties
Standard thermodynamic properties
State | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Liquid x denotes undetermined zero point entropy | −299.78[3] | – | 75.40+x[3] | – |
| Gas | −271.1[3] | −273.2[3] | 173.779[3] | 29.133[3] |
| Ionized aqueous solution | −332.63[3] | −278.79[3] | −13.8[3] | −106.7[3] |
| Un−ionized aqueous solution | −320.08[3] | −296.82[3] | 88.7[3] | – |
Solubility
Qualitative solubility
Solubility in water (g/100 g)[4]
| -35°C |
|---|
| 111 |
Solubility in benzene (g/100 g)[1]
| 5°C |
|---|
| 2.54 |
Solubility curve (g/100 g)
Hazards
GHS label[5]
- Signal word
- Danger
- Hazard statements
- H280: Contains gas under pressure may explode if heated
- H331: Toxic if inhaled
- H314: Causes severe skin burns and eye damage
- H318: Causes serious eye damage
- H370: Causes damage to organs
- H370: Causes damage to respiratory system
- H370: Causes damage to cardiovascular system
- H372: Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure
- H372: Causes damage to nervous system through prolonged or repeated exposure
- H372: Causes damage to tooth through prolonged or repeated exposure
- H372: Causes damage to bone through prolonged or repeated exposure
- H372: Causes damage to respiratory system through prolonged or repeated exposure
- H402: Harmful to aquatic life
Physical hazards[5]
Health hazards[5]
Environmental hazards[5]
Preparations
Reaction of nonmetal and nonmetal
The reaction of and yields hydrogen fluoride.
Reaction of salt of weak acid and strong acid
The reaction of salt of weak acid and strong acid can yield hydrogen fluoride.
Reaction of salt of volatile acid and nonvolatile acid
The reaction of salt of volatile acid and nonvolatile acid can yield hydrogen fluoride.
Electrolytic dissociation
Electrolytic dissociation of hydrogendifluoride ion yields hydrogen fluoride and fluoride ion.
Decomposition
Decomposition of thermally decomposable substance can yield hydrogen fluoride.
Hydrolysis
The reaction of salt of weak acid and weak base and water can yield hydrogen fluoride.
Chemical reactions
Electrolytic dissociation
Electrolytic dissociation of hydrogen fluoride yields hydrogen ion and fluoride ion.
Reaction with base
The reaction of hydrogen fluoride and base yields salt.
Reaction with basic oxide
The reaction of basic oxide and hydrogen fluoride yields salt and water.
Reaction with anion
The reaction of hydrogen fluoride and fluoride ion yields hydrogendifluoride ion.
Reaction with active metal
The reaction of and hydrogen fluoride yields salt and .
Reaction with self-redoxing species
The reaction of self-redoxing species and hydrogen fluoride yields a variety of products.
Reaction with reducing species
The reaction of reducing species and hydrogen fluoride yields a variety of products.
Reaction with oxidizable species
The reaction of oxidizable species and hydrogen fluoride yields a variety of products.
Precipitation reaction
When a certain chemical species is present in aqueous solution, it reacts with hydrogen fluoride to form a precipitate.
Electrolysis
Electrolysis of hydrogen fluoride yields and .
Electrolysis of aqueous solution
Electrolysis of aqueous hydrogen fluoride yields a variety of products.
References
List of references
- 1James G. Speight (2017)Lange's Handbook of Chemistry, 17th editionMcGraw Hill Education
- 2John R. Rumble Jr, David R. Lide, Thomas J. Bruno (2019)CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 100th EditionCRC Press
- ^ Density, 1.002 g/cm3 - p.4-45
- ^ Melting point, −83.36 °C - p.4-45
- ^ Boiling point, 20 °C - p.4-45
- ^ Enthalpy of fusion, 4.58 kJ · mol−1 - p.6-157
- 3Janiel J. Reed (1989)The NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties: Selected Values for Inorganic and C1 and C2 Organic Substances in SI UnitsNational Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
- ^ ΔfH°, -299.78 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 75.40+x J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -271.1 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -273.2 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 173.779 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 29.133 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -332.63 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -278.79 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, -13.8 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, -106.7 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -320.08 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -296.82 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 88.7 J · K−1 · mol−1
- 4Atherton Seidell (1919)Solubilities of Inorganic and Organic Compounds: A Compilation of Quantitative Solubility Data From the Periodical LiteratureD. Van Nostrand Company
- 5Chemical Management CenterGHS Classification ResultsNational Institute of Technology and Evaluation
Related substances
Hydrogen halide
Fluoride
Lithium fluoride
Beryllium fluoride
Ammonium fluoride
Sodium fluoride
Magnesium fluoride
Aluminium fluoride
Potassium fluoride
Calcium fluoride
Iron(II) fluoride
Iron(III) fluoride
Copper(I) fluoride
Copper(II) fluoride
Zinc fluoride
Rubidium fluoride
Strontium fluoride
Silver(I) fluoride
Tin(II) fluoride
Tin(IV) fluoride
Caesium fluoride
Barium fluoride
Lead(II) fluoride