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Pentanal
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Pentanal is an organic compound with formula C4H9CHO.
Table of contents
- 1Names
- 2Formulae and structures
- 3Properties
- 4Constituents
- 5Thermodynamic properties
- 6Solubility
- 7Hazards
- 8Preparations
- 9Chemical reactions
- 10References
- 11Related substances
- 12Related categories
Names
List of substance names
Nomenclature
Name
- Typical name
- Pentanal
- Substitutive nomenclature
- Pentanal★Preferred IUPAC name
- Functional class nomenclature
- Pentyl aldeyde
- Other names
- n-Pentanal
- n-Pentyl aldehyde
- Valeraldehyde
- n-Valeraldehyde
- Valeric aldehyde
- n-Valeric aldehyde
- Amylaldehyde
- n-Amylaldehyde
- Amyl aldehyde
- n-Amyl aldehyde
- Pentaldehyde
- Pentanaldehyde
- Aldehyde C-5
Formulae and structures
List of formulae
Formula name
Formula
- Typical formula
- C4H9CHO
- Molecular formula
- C4H9CHO
- Empirical formula
- C5H10O
- Condensed formula
- CH3(CH2)3CHO
- Structural formula
- Structural formula with no C–H bond
- Skeletal formula
- Skeletal formula with terminal carbon
- Lewis structure
- Colored Lewis structure
Properties
List of substance properties
Item
Value
Constituents
Constituent atoms
Atom | Name | Oxidation state | Number |
---|---|---|---|
C | Carbon | −3 | 1 |
C | Carbon | −2 | 3 |
H | Hydrogen | +1 | 10 |
C | Carbon | +1 | 1 |
O | Oxygen | −2 | 1 |
Ratio of atoms
Atom | Atomic weight | Number | Atomic ratio | Weight ratio |
---|---|---|---|---|
C | 12.011 | 5 | 31.25% | 69.72% |
H | 1.008 | 10 | 62.50% | 11.70% |
O | 15.999 | 1 | 6.25% | 18.57% |
Thermodynamic properties
Phase transition properties
Item
Value
- Enthalpy of fusion
- –
- Enthalpy of vaporization
- –
- Enthalpy of vaporization at 25°C
- 38.8 kJ · mol−1[4]
- Enthalpy of other transition
- –
Standard thermodynamic properties
Solubility
Qualitative solubility
Solubility in water (g/100 g)[4]
25°C |
---|
1.4 |
Solubility curve (g/100 g)
Hazards
GHS label[6]
Item
Value
- Hazard pictograms
GHS02: Flame GHS07: Exclamation mark GHS05: Corrosion
- Signal word
- Danger
Physical hazards[6]
Health hazards[6]
Environmental hazards[6]
Preparations
Reaction of alcohol, chromium vi compound, and hydrogen ion
Oxidation of alcohol can yield pentanal.
Chemical reactions
Reaction with hydrogen
The reaction of pentanal and hydrogen yields 1-Pentanol.
References
List of references
- 1George A. Burdock (2009)Fenaroli's Handbook of Flavor Ingredients, 6th editionCRC Press
- 2Fisher ScientificFisher Scientific: Lab Equipment and Lab SuppliesThermo Fisher Scientific
- 3Maryadele J O'Neil, Patricia E. Heckelman, Peter H. Dobbelaar, Cristin J. Roman, Catherine M. Kenny, Linda S. Karaffa (2013)The Merck Index: An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals, 15th EditionRoyal Society of Chemistry
- 4James G. Speight (2017)Lange's Handbook of Chemistry, 17th editionMcGraw Hill Education
- ^ Density, 0.8095 g/cm3 - p.651
- ^ Melting point, −92 °C - p.651
- ^ Boiling point, 103 °C - p.651
- ^ Refractive index, 1.3942 (20°C) - p.651
- ^ Enthalpy of vaporization at 25°C, 38.8 kJ · mol−1 - p.1014
- ^ ΔfH°, -228.5 kJ · mol−1 - p.980
- ^ ΔfG°, -108.3 kJ · mol−1 - p.980
- ^ S°, 383.0 J · K−1 · mol−1 - p.980
- ^ Cp°, 125.4 J · K−1 · mol−1 - p.980
- ^ Qualitative solubility, Miscible with ethanol - p.651
- ^ Qualitative solubility, Miscible with diethyl ether - p.651
- ^ Solubility in Water (g/100 g), See the table - p.651
- 5John R. Rumble Jr, David R. Lide, Thomas J. Bruno (2019)CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 100th EditionCRC Press
- ^ Density, 0.8095 g/cm3 - p.3-42
- ^ Melting point, −81.5 °C - p.3-42
- ^ Boiling point, 103 °C - p.3-42
- ^ Refractive index, 1.3944 (20°C) - p.3-42
- ^ Qualitative solubility, Slightly soluble in water - p.3-48
- ^ Qualitative solubility, Soluble in ethanol - p.3-48
- ^ Qualitative solubility, Soluble in diethyl ether - p.3-48
- 6Chemical Management CenterGHS Classification ResultsNational Institute of Technology and Evaluation
Related substances
Aldehyde
Related categories
Classification by constituent
Type of organic compound
Classification by atom and bond
State of substance
Property of substance
Solubility of substance
- Soluble in water
- Slightly soluble in water
- Very slightly soluble in water
- Miscible with ethanol
- Soluble in ethanol
- Miscible with diethyl ether
- Soluble in diethyl ether
- Miscible with organic solvents