Propanoic acid
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Propanoic acid is an organic compound with formula C2H5COOH.
Table of contents
- 1Names
- 2Formulae and structures
- 3Properties
- 4Constituents
- 5Thermodynamic properties
- 6Solubility
- 7Hazards
- 8Preparations
- 9Chemical reactions
- 10References
- 11Related substances
- 12Related categories
Names
List of substance names
Nomenclature
Name
- Typical name
- Propanoic acid
- Compositional nomenclature
- Hydrogen propanoate
- Substitutive nomenclature
- Propanoic acid★Preferred IUPAC name
- Ethanecarboxylic acid
- Other names
- Propionic acid
- Hydrogen propionate
- Propylic acid
- Methylacetic acid
- Carboxyethane
Formulae and structures
List of formulae
Formula name
Formula
- Typical formula
- C2H5COOH
- Molecular formula
- C2H5COOH
- Empirical formula
- C3H6O2
- Condensed formula
- CH3CH2COOH
- Structural formula
- Structural formula with no C–H bond
- Skeletal formula
- Skeletal formula with terminal carbon
- Lewis structure
- Colored Lewis structure
Properties
List of substance properties
Constituents
Constituent atoms
Atom | Name | Oxidation state | Number |
---|---|---|---|
C | Carbon | −3 | 1 |
C | Carbon | −2 | 1 |
H | Hydrogen | +1 | 6 |
C | Carbon | +3 | 1 |
O | Oxygen | −2 | 2 |
Ratio of atoms
Atom | Atomic weight | Number | Atomic ratio | Weight ratio |
---|---|---|---|---|
C | 12.011 | 3 | 27.27% | 48.64% |
H | 1.008 | 6 | 54.55% | 8.16% |
O | 15.999 | 2 | 18.18% | 43.19% |
Thermodynamic properties
Phase transition properties
Item
Value
Standard thermodynamic properties
Solubility
Qualitative solubility
Hazards
GHS label[7]
Item
Value
- Signal word
- Danger
Physical hazards[7]
Health hazards[7]
Environmental hazards[7]
Preparations
Reaction of alcohol, chromium vi compound, and hydrogen ion
Oxidation of alcohol can yield propanoic acid.
Chemical reactions
Electrolytic dissociation
Electrolytic dissociation of propanoic acid yields hydrogen ion and propanoate ion.
References
List of references
- 1George A. Burdock (2009)Fenaroli's Handbook of Flavor Ingredients, 6th editionCRC Press
- ^ Odor, Pungent, rancid odor - p.1734
- 2Maryadele J O'Neil, Patricia E. Heckelman, Peter H. Dobbelaar, Cristin J. Roman, Catherine M. Kenny, Linda S. Karaffa (2013)The Merck Index: An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals, 15th EditionRoyal Society of Chemistry
- ^ Odor, Slight, pungent, unpleasant, rancid odor - p.1450
- ^ Density, 0.99336 g/cm3 - p.1450
- ^ Melting point, −21.5 °C - p.1450
- ^ Boiling point, 141.1 °C - p.1450
- ^ Flash point, 58°C - p.1450
- ^ Refractive index, 1.3848 (25°C) - p.1450
- ^ Qualitative solubility, Miscible with water - p.1450
- ^ Qualitative solubility, Miscible with ethanol - p.1450
- ^ Qualitative solubility, Miscible with organic solvents - p.1450
- ^ Qualitative solubility, Soluble in diethyl ether - p.1450
- ^ Qualitative solubility, Soluble in trichloromethane - p.1450
- ^ Qualitative solubility, Miscible with toluene - p.1450
- ^ Qualitative solubility, Miscible with o-Xylene - p.1450
- ^ Qualitative solubility, Miscible with ethylbenzene - p.1450
- 3Fisher ScientificFisher Scientific: Lab Equipment and Lab SuppliesThermo Fisher Scientific
- 4Office of Response and RestorationCAMEO ChemicalsNational Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
- 5James G. Speight (2017)Lange's Handbook of Chemistry, 17th editionMcGraw Hill Education
- ^ Density, 0.9934 g/cm3 - p.658
- ^ Melting point, −20.5 °C - p.658
- ^ Boiling point, 141.1 °C - p.658
- ^ Flash point, 52°C - p.658
- ^ Refractive index, 1.3809 (20°C) - p.658
- ^ Enthalpy of fusion, 10.66 kJ · mol−1 - p.1016
- ^ Enthalpy of vaporization, 32.3 kJ · mol−1 - p.1016
- ^ Enthalpy of vaporization at 25°C, 32.1 kJ · mol−1 - p.1016
- ^ ΔfH°, -510.7 kJ · mol−1 - p.982
- ^ ΔfG°, -383.5 kJ · mol−1 - p.982
- ^ S°, 191.0 J · K−1 · mol−1 - p.982
- ^ Cp°, 152.8 J · K−1 · mol−1 - p.982
- ^ Qualitative solubility, Miscible with water - p.658
- ^ Qualitative solubility, Soluble in ethanol - p.658
- ^ Qualitative solubility, Soluble in trichloromethane - p.658
- ^ Qualitative solubility, Soluble in diethyl ether - p.658
- 6John R. Rumble Jr, David R. Lide, Thomas J. Bruno (2019)CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 100th EditionCRC Press
- ^ Density, 0.9882 g/cm3 - p.3-46
- ^ Melting point, −20.5 °C - p.3-46
- ^ Boiling point, 141.5 °C - p.3-46
- ^ Refractive index, 1.3809 (20°C) - p.3-46
- ^ Enthalpy of fusion, 10.66 kJ · mol−1 - p.6-160
- ^ Enthalpy of vaporization at 25°C, 32.14 kJ · mol−1 - p.6-150
- ^ Qualitative solubility, Miscible with water - p.3-46
- ^ Qualitative solubility, Miscible with ethanol - p.3-46
- ^ Qualitative solubility, Soluble in diethyl ether - p.3-46
- ^ Qualitative solubility, Slightly soluble in trichloromethane - p.3-46
- 7Chemical Management CenterGHS Classification ResultsNational Institute of Technology and Evaluation