Sodium hypochlorite
Sodium hypochlorite is an inorganic compound with formula NaClO.
- 1Names
- 2Formulae and structures
- 3Properties
- 4Constituents
- 5Thermodynamic properties
- 6Solubility
- 7Hazards
- 8Preparations
- 9Chemical reactions
- 10References
- 11Related substances
- 12Related categories
Names
List of substance names
- Typical name
- Sodium hypochlorite
- Compositional nomenclature
- Sodium hypochlorite
- Additive nomenclature
- Sodium chloridooxygenate(1−)
- IUPAC acceptable common names
- Sodium hypochlorite
- Other names
- Bleach
Formulae and structures
List of formulae
- Typical formula
- NaClO
- Molecular formula
- NaClO
- Compositional formula
- NaClO
- Structural formula
- Lewis structure
- Colored Lewis structure
Properties
List of substance properties
Constituents
Constituent ions
| Ion | Name | Charge number | Number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Na+ | Sodium ion | 1 | 1 |
| ClO− | Hypochlorite ion | -1 | 1 |
Constituent atoms
| Atom | Name | Oxidation state | Number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Na | Sodium | +1 | 1 |
| Cl | Chlorine | +1 | 1 |
| O | Oxygen | −2 | 1 |
Ratio of atoms
| Atom | Atomic weight | Number | Atomic ratio | Weight ratio |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Na | 22.990 | 1 | 33.33% | 30.88% |
| Cl | 35.45 | 1 | 33.33% | 47.62% |
| O | 15.999 | 1 | 33.33% | 21.49% |
Thermodynamic properties
Phase transition properties
- Enthalpy of fusion
- –
- Enthalpy of vaporization
- –
- Enthalpy of vaporization at 25°C
- –
- Enthalpy of other transition
- –
Standard thermodynamic properties
Solubility
Qualitative solubility
Solubility in water (g/100 g)[1]
| 0°C | 10°C | 20°C | 30°C | 40°C |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 29.4 | 36.4 | 53.4 | 100 | 110 |
Solubility curve (g/100 g)
Hazards
GHS label[3]
- Signal word
- Danger
- Hazard statements
- H314: Causes severe skin burns and eye damage
- H318: Causes serious eye damage
- H335: May cause respiratory irritation
- H373: May cause damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure
- H373: May cause systemic toxicity through prolonged or repeated exposure
- H400: Very toxic to aquatic life
- H410: Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects
Physical hazards[3]
Health hazards[3]
Environmental hazards[3]
Preparations
Reaction of acid and base
The reaction of hypochlorous acid and sodium hydroxide yields sodium hypochlorite and water.
Reaction of base and acidic oxide
The reaction of sodium hydroxide and dichlorine monoxide yields sodium hypochlorite and water.
Reaction of basic oxide and acid
The reaction of sodium oxide and hypochlorous acid yields sodium hypochlorite and water.
Reaction of basic oxide and acidic oxide
The reaction of sodium oxide and dichlorine monoxide yields sodium hypochlorite.
Reaction of nonmetal and hydroxide base
The reaction of and sodium hydroxide yields sodium hypochlorite, sodium chloride, and water.
Decomposition
Decomposition of thermally decomposable substance can yield sodium hypochlorite.
Comproportionation
The reaction of sodium chloride and sodium chlorite can yield sodium hypochlorite.
Chemical reactions
Electrolytic dissociation
Electrolytic dissociation of sodium hypochlorite yields sodium ion and hypochlorite ion.
Reaction with strong acid
The reaction of sodium hypochlorite and strong acid yields salt of strong acid and hypochlorous acid.
Reaction with nonvolatile acid
The reaction of sodium hypochlorite and nonvolatile acid yields salt of non volatile acid and hypochlorous acid.
Reaction with water
The reaction of sodium hypochlorite and water yields a variety of products.
Reaction with acid
The reaction of sodium hypochlorite and acid yields a variety of products.
Reaction with base
The reaction of sodium hypochlorite and base yields a variety of products.
Reaction with reducing species
The reaction of reducing species and sodium hypochlorite yields a variety of products.
Reaction with oxidizable species
The reaction of oxidizable species and sodium hypochlorite yields a variety of products.
Reaction with oxidizable species under acidic condition
The reaction of oxidizable species, sodium hypochlorite, and hydrogen ion yields a variety of products.
Reaction with oxidizable species under neutral condition
The reaction of oxidizable species, sodium hypochlorite, and water yields a variety of products.
Reaction with oxidizing species
The reaction of sodium hypochlorite and oxidizing species yields a variety of products.
Reaction with hardly oxidizable species
The reaction of hardly oxidizable species and sodium hypochlorite yields a variety of products.
Reaction with oxidizing species under acidic condition
The reaction of sodium hypochlorite, oxidizing species, and hydrogen ion yields a variety of products.
Reaction with hardly oxidizable species under acidic condition
The reaction of hardly oxidizable species, sodium hypochlorite, and hydrogen ion yields a variety of products.
Reaction with oxidizing species under neutral condition
The reaction of sodium hypochlorite, oxidizing species, and water yields a variety of products.
Reaction with hardly oxidizable species under neutral condition
The reaction of , sodium hypochlorite, and water yields gold(III) hydroxide and sodium chloride.
Precipitation reaction
When a certain chemical species is present in aqueous solution, it reacts with sodium hypochlorite to form a precipitate.
Decomposition
Decomposition of sodium hypochlorite yields sodium oxide and dichlorine monoxide.
Electrolysis of aqueous solution
Electrolysis of aqueous sodium hypochlorite yields a variety of products.
References
List of references
- 1James G. Speight (2017)Lange's Handbook of Chemistry, 17th editionMcGraw Hill Education
- ^ Density, 1.6 g/cm3 - p.65
- ^ Melting point, 18 °C - p.65
- ^ Solubility in Water (g/100 g), See the table - p.343
- 2Janiel J. Reed (1989)The NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties: Selected Values for Inorganic and C1 and C2 Organic Substances in SI UnitsNational Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
- 3Chemical Management CenterGHS Classification ResultsNational Institute of Technology and Evaluation
