Sulfur dioxide
Sulfur dioxide is an inorganic compound with formula SO2.
- 1Names
- 2Formulae and structures
- 3Properties
- 4Constituents
- 5Thermodynamic properties
- 6Solubility
- 7Hazards
- 8Preparations
- 9Chemical reactions
- 10References
- 11Related substances
- 12Related categories
Names
List of substance names
- Typical name
- Sulfur dioxide
- Compositional nomenclature
- Sulfur dioxide
- Additive nomenclature
- Dioxidosulfur
- Other names
- Sulfur(IV) oxide
- Sulfurous anhydride
Formulae and structures
List of formulae
- Typical formula
- SO2
- Molecular formula
- SO2
- Compositional formula
- SO2
- Structural formula
- Structural formula with no conjugation
- Structural formula with no lone pair
- Structural formula with no conjugation and lone pair
- Resonance structures
- Resonance structures with no lone pair
- Lewis structure
- Colored Lewis structure
Properties
List of substance properties
Constituents
Constituent atoms
Atom | Name | Oxidation state | Number |
---|---|---|---|
S | Sulfur | +4 | 1 |
O | Oxygen | −2 | 2 |
Ratio of atoms
Atom | Atomic weight | Number | Atomic ratio | Weight ratio |
---|---|---|---|---|
S | 32.06 | 1 | 33.33% | 50.05% |
O | 15.999 | 2 | 66.67% | 49.95% |
Thermodynamic properties
Phase transition properties
Standard thermodynamic properties
State | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
---|---|---|---|---|
Liquid | −320.5[3] | – | – | – |
Gas | −296.830[3] | −300.194[3] | 248.22[3] | 39.87[3] |
Un−ionized aqueous solution | −322.980[3] | −300.676[3] | 161.9[3] | – |
Solubility
Qualitative solubility
- Reactive
- Miscible
- Very soluble
- Soluble
- Slightly soluble
- Very slightly soluble
- Insoluble
Solubility in acetone (g/100 g)[4]
0°C |
---|
207 |
Solubility in acetic acid (g/100 g)[4]
0°C |
---|
96.1 |
Solubility in formic acid (g/100 g)[4]
0°C |
---|
82.1 |
Solubility in methanol (g/100 g)[4]
0°C | 7°C | 12.3°C | 17.8°C | 26°C |
---|---|---|---|---|
246 | 149.4 | 109.2 | 78.6 | 46.4 |
Solubility in ethanol (g/100 g)[4]
0°C | 7°C | 12.3°C | 18.2°C | 26°C |
---|---|---|---|---|
115 | 81 | 66.4 | 48.8 | 32.3 |
Solubility in sulfuryl chloride (g/100 g)[4]
0°C |
---|
32.3 |
Solubility in water (g/100 g)[1]
0°C | 5°C | 10°C | 15°C | 20°C | 25°C | 30°C | 35°C | 40°C |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
22.83 | 19.31 | 16.21 | 13.54 | 11.28 | 9.41 | 7.8 | 6.47 | 5.41 |
Solubility in water (g/100 g)[4]
0°C | 5°C | 10°C | 15°C | 20°C | 25°C | 30°C | 40°C |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
22.83 | 19.31 | 16.21 | 13.54 | 11.29 | 9.41 | 7.81 | 5.41 |
Solubility in water (g/100 g)[4]
8°C | 10°C | 14°C | 20°C | 26°C | 30°C | 36°C | 40°C | 46°C | 50°C |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
16.8 | 15.4 | 13 | 10.4 | 8.7 | 7.8 | 6.5 | 5.8 | 5 | 4.5 |
Solubility in water (g/100 g)[4]
0°C | 2°C | 4°C | 6°C | 7°C | 8°C | 10°C | 12°C |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
23.6 | 21.8 | 20.1 | 18.4 | 17.6 | 16.8 | 15.4 | 14.2 |
Solubility in nitrobenzene (g/100 mL solution)[4]
15°C | 20°C | 25°C | 30°C | 40°C | 50°C | 60°C |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
31.14 | 26.74 | 22.79 | 19 | 13.2 | 9.87 | 7.86 |
Solubility in 2-nitrotoluene (g/100 mL solution)[4]
15°C | 20°C | 25°C | 30°C | 40°C | 50°C | 60°C |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
29.08 | 23.6 | 19.22 | 16.07 | 11.85 | 8.72 | 6.88 |
Solubility in toluene (g/100 mL solution)[4]
20°C | 25°C | 30°C | 40°C | 50°C | 60°C |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
21.75 | 17.04 | 12.44 | 9.36 | 7.72 | 5.47 |
Solubility in benzene (g/100 mL solution)[4]
30°C | 40°C | 50°C | 60°C |
---|---|---|---|
12.75 | 8.29 | 6.03 | 3.4 |
Solubility in acetic anhydride (g/100 mL solution)[4]
-5°C | 0°C | 5°C | 10°C | 15°C | 20°C | 25°C | 30°C |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
19.6 | 14.8 | 13.6 | 12.2 | 11.4 | 10.6 | 9.9 | 9 |
Solubility curve (g/100 g)
Solubility curve (g/100 mL solution)
Hazards
GHS label[5]
- Hazard pictograms
GHS04: Gas cylinder GHS06: Skull and crossbones GHS07: Exclamation mark GHS08: Health hazard
- Signal word
- Danger
- Hazard statements
- H280: Contains gas under pressure may explode if heated
- H331: Toxic if inhaled
- H319: Causes serious eye irritation
- H370: Causes damage to organs
- H370: Causes damage to respiratory system
- H372: Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure
- H372: Causes damage to respiratory system through prolonged or repeated exposure
Physical hazards[5]
Health hazards[5]
Environmental hazards[5]
Classification | Category | Label | Hazard statement |
---|---|---|---|
Hazardous to the aquatic environment short term | Classification not possible | ||
Hazardous to the aquatic environment long term | Classification not possible | ||
Hazardous to the ozone layer | No data |
Preparations
Reaction of nonmetal and nonmetal
The reaction of sulfur dioxide. and can yield
Reaction of salt of weak acid and strong acid
The reaction of salt of weak acid and strong acid can yield sulfur dioxide.
Reaction of salt of volatile acid and nonvolatile acid
The reaction of salt of volatile acid and nonvolatile acid can yield sulfur dioxide.
Reaction of oxoacid and dehydrating acidic oxide
The reaction of oxoacid and dehydrating acidic oxide can yield sulfur dioxide.
Decomposition
Decomposition of thermally decomposable substance can yield sulfur dioxide.
Reaction of inactive metal and oxidizing acid
The reaction of oxidizing acid can yield sulfur dioxide. and
Reaction of reducing nonmetal and oxide
The reaction of oxide can yield sulfur dioxide. and
Electrolysis
Electrolysis of liquid can yield sulfur dioxide.
Comproportionation
The reaction of hydrogen sulfide and sulfur trioxide can yield sulfur dioxide.
Chemical reactions
Reaction with base and water
The reaction of base, sulfur dioxide, and water yields oxoacid salt.
Reaction with basic oxide
The reaction of basic oxide and sulfur dioxide yields oxoacid salt.
Reaction with water
The reaction of sulfur dioxide and water yields sulfurous acid.
Reaction with anion
The reaction of sulfur dioxide and anion yields anion.
Reaction with reducing nonmetal
The reaction of sulfur dioxide yields elementary substance/oxide and . and
Reaction with active metal and water
The reaction of , sulfur dioxide, and water yields magnesium sulfite and .
Reaction with oxidizing species
The reaction of sulfur dioxide and oxidizing species yields a variety of products.
Reaction with reducible species
The reaction of sulfur dioxide and manganese(IV) oxide yields manganese(II) sulfate.
Reaction with reducing species
The reaction of reducing species and sulfur dioxide yields a variety of products.
Precipitation reaction
When a certain chemical species is present in aqueous solution, it reacts with sulfur dioxide to form a precipitate.
Electrolysis of aqueous solution
Electrolysis of aqueous sulfur dioxide yields a variety of products.
References
List of references
- 1James G. Speight (2017)Lange's Handbook of Chemistry, 17th editionMcGraw Hill Education
- ^ Density, 2.811 g/L - p.67
- ^ Melting point, −75.47 °C - p.67
- ^ Boiling point, −10 °C - p.67
- ^ Enthalpy of fusion, 7.40 kJ · mol−1 - p.311
- ^ Enthalpy of vaporization, 24.94 kJ · mol−1 - p.311
- ^ Enthalpy of vaporization at 25°C, 22.92 kJ · mol−1 - p.311
- ^ Qualitative solubility, Soluble in trichloromethane - p.67
- ^ Qualitative solubility, Soluble in diethyl ether - p.67
- ^ Solubility in Water (g/100 g), See the table - p.329–330
- 2John R. Rumble Jr, David R. Lide, Thomas J. Bruno (2019)CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 100th EditionCRC Press
- ^ Density, 1.620 g/cm3 - p.4-50
- ^ Melting point, −75.45 °C - p.4-50
- ^ Boiling point, −10.02 °C - p.4-50
- ^ Enthalpy of vaporization, 24.94 kJ · mol−1 - p.6-150
- ^ Enthalpy of vaporization at 25°C, 22.92 kJ · mol−1 - p.6-150
- 3Janiel J. Reed (1989)The NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties: Selected Values for Inorganic and C1 and C2 Organic Substances in SI UnitsNational Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
- 4Atherton Seidell (1919)Solubilities of Inorganic and Organic Compounds: A Compilation of Quantitative Solubility Data From the Periodical LiteratureD. Van Nostrand Company
- ^ Solubility in Acetone (g/100 g), See the table - p.707
- ^ Solubility in Acetic acid (g/100 g), See the table - p.707
- ^ Solubility in Formic acid (g/100 g), See the table - p.707
- ^ Solubility in Methanol (g/100 g), See the table - p.707
- ^ Solubility in Ethanol (g/100 g), See the table - p.707
- ^ Solubility in Sulfuryl chloride (g/100 g), See the table - p.707
- ^ Solubility in Water (g/100 g), See the table - p.705
- ^ Solubility in Water (g/100 g), See the table - p.705
- ^ Solubility in Water (g/100 g), See the table - p.705
- ^ Solubility in Nitrobenzene (g/100 mL solution), See the table - p.708
- ^ Solubility in 2-Nitrotoluene (g/100 mL solution), See the table - p.708
- ^ Solubility in Toluene (g/100 mL solution), See the table - p.708
- ^ Solubility in Benzene (g/100 mL solution), See the table - p.708
- ^ Solubility in Acetic anhydride (g/100 mL solution), See the table - p.708
- 5Chemical Management CenterGHS Classification ResultsNational Institute of Technology and Evaluation