Tin
Tin is an elementary substance of main group element with formula Sn.
- 1Names
- 2Formulae and structures
- 3Properties
- 4Constituents
- 5Thermodynamic properties
- 6Solubility
- 7Hazards
- 8Preparations
- 9Chemical reactions
- 10References
- 11Related substances
- 12Related categories
Names
List of substance names
- Typical name
- Tin
- Other names
- –
Formulae and structures
List of formulae
- Typical formula
- Sn
- Compositional formula
- Sn
- Structural formula
- Lewis structure
- Colored Lewis structure
Properties
List of substance properties
Constituents
Constituent atoms
Atom | Name | Oxidation state | Number |
---|---|---|---|
Sn | Tin | 0 | 1 |
Ratio of atoms
Atom | Atomic weight | Number | Atomic ratio | Weight ratio |
---|---|---|---|---|
Sn | 118.710 | 1 | 100.00% | 100.00% |
Thermodynamic properties
Phase transition properties
Standard thermodynamic properties
State | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
---|---|---|---|---|
Crystalline solid white | 0[3] | 0[3] | 51.55[3] | 26.99[3] |
Crystalline solid gray | −2.09[3] | 0.13[3] | 44.14[3] | 25.77[3] |
Gas | 302.1[3] | 267.3[3] | 168.486[3] | 21.259[3] |
Solubility
Qualitative solubility
Hazards
GHS label[4]
- Hazard pictograms
GHS08: Health hazard
- Signal word
- Danger
Physical hazards[4]
Health hazards[4]
Environmental hazards[4]
Classification | Category | Label | Hazard statement |
---|---|---|---|
Hazardous to the aquatic environment short term | Classification not possible | ||
Hazardous to the aquatic environment long term | Classification not possible | ||
Hazardous to the ozone layer | No data |
Preparations
Reaction of reducing nonmetal and oxide
The reaction of reducing nonmetal and oxide can yield tin.
Electrolysis
Electrolysis of tin(IV) chloride yields tin and chlorine.
Decomposition
Decomposition of thermally decomposable substance can yield tin.
Chemical reactions
Reaction with nonmetal
The reaction of tin and nonmetal yields binary compound of tin.
Reaction with acid
The reaction of tin and acid yields salt and hydrogen.
Reaction with strong base and water
The reaction of tin, strong base, and water yields complex salt and hydrogen.
Reaction with water
The reaction of tin and water yields hydroxide base/basic oxide and hydrogen.
Reaction with acidic oxide and water
The reaction of tin, acidic oxide, and water yields salt and hydrogen.
Reaction with oxidizing species
The reaction of tin and oxidizing species yields a variety of products.
Reaction with reducible species
The reaction of tin and reducible species yields a variety of products.
Reaction with hardly reducible species
The reaction of tin and manganese(II) oxide yields tin(II) oxide and manganese.
References
List of references
- 1James G. Speight (2017)Lange's Handbook of Chemistry, 17th editionMcGraw Hill Education
- ^ Density, 7.265 g/cm3 - p.69
- ^ Melting point, 231.928 °C - p.69
- ^ Boiling point, 2602 °C - p.69
- ^ Enthalpy of fusion, 7.03 kJ · mol−1 - p.312
- ^ Enthalpy of vaporization, 296.1 kJ · mol−1 - p.312
- ^ Enthalpy of other transition, 2.09 kJ · mol−1 - p.312
- ^ Qualitative solubility, Soluble in concentrated hydrochloric acid - p.69
- ^ Qualitative solubility, Soluble in hot concentrated sulfuric acid - p.69
- 2John R. Rumble Jr, David R. Lide, Thomas J. Bruno (2019)CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 100th EditionCRC Press
- ^ Density, 7.287 g/cm3 - p.4-50
- ^ Density, 5.769 g/cm3 - p.4-50
- ^ Melting point, 231.928 °C - p.4-50
- ^ Melting point, 13.2 °C - p.4-50
- ^ Boiling point, 2586 °C - p.4-50
- ^ Enthalpy of fusion, 7.15 kJ · mol−1 - p.6-161
- 3Janiel J. Reed (1989)The NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties: Selected Values for Inorganic and C1 and C2 Organic Substances in SI UnitsNational Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
- ^ ΔfH°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 51.55 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 26.99 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -2.09 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 0.13 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 44.14 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 25.77 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 302.1 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 267.3 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 168.486 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 21.259 J · K−1 · mol−1
- 4Chemical Management CenterGHS Classification ResultsNational Institute of Technology and Evaluation
Related substances
Elementary substances of group 14 element
Tin compounds
- Sodium metastannate
- Sodium hexahydroxidostannate(IV)
- Potassium metastannate
- Potassium hexahydroxidostannate(IV)
- Tin(II) hydroxide
- Tin(IV) hydroxide
- Tin(II) oxide
- Tin(IV) oxide
- Tin(II) fluoride
- Tin(IV) fluoride
- Tin(II) chloride
- Tin(IV) chloride
- Tin(II) bromide
- Tin(IV) bromide
- Tin(II) iodide
- Tin(IV) iodide
- Tin(II) sulfide
- Tin(IV) sulfide
- Tin(II) sulfate
- Tin(II) nitrate
- Tin(II) acetate
Related categories
Classification by constituent
Type of substance
State of substance
Property of substance
Solubility of substance
- Insoluble in water
- Soluble in concentrated hydrochloric acid
- Soluble in hot concentrated sulfuric acid